Causal Associations Between Tobacco, Alcohol Use and Risk of Infectious Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Abstract Introduction The causal effects of smoking and alcohol use on the risk of infectious diseases are unclear, and it is hard investigate them in an observational study due to the potential confounding factors. The aim of this study was to use Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques to assess t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Adis, Springer Healthcare
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Infectious Diseases and Therapy |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-023-00775-4 |
| _version_ | 1797863992167759872 |
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| author | Hongxiang Zhu Xiaohui Zhan Congjie Wang Yuying Deng Xiaoping Li Linru Song Lingyan Zhao |
| author_facet | Hongxiang Zhu Xiaohui Zhan Congjie Wang Yuying Deng Xiaoping Li Linru Song Lingyan Zhao |
| author_sort | Hongxiang Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Introduction The causal effects of smoking and alcohol use on the risk of infectious diseases are unclear, and it is hard investigate them in an observational study due to the potential confounding factors. The aim of this study was to use Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques to assess the causalities between smoking, alcohol use and risk of infectious diseases. Methods Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were performed using genome-wide association data for the age of initiation of regular smoking (AgeSmk, N = 341,427), smoking initiation (SmkInit, N = 1,232,091), cigarettes per day (CigDay, N = 337,334), lifetime smoking (LifSmk, N = 462,690), drinks per week (DrnkWk, N = 941,280), sepsis (N = 486,484), pneumonia (N = 486,484), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI, N = 486,484) and urinary tract infection (UTI, N = 486,214) among individuals of European ancestry. Independent genetic variants that were significantly (P < 5 × 10−8) associated with each exposure were considered as instruments. The inverse-variance-weighted method was used in the primary analysis, which was followed by a series of sensitivity analyses. Results Genetically predicted SmkInit was associated with an increased risk of sepsis (OR 1.353, 95% CI 1.079–1.696, P = 0.009), pneumonia (OR 1.770, 95% CI 1.464–2.141, P = 3.8 × 10−9) and UTI (OR 1.445, 95% CI 1.184–1.764, P = 3 × 10−4). Moreover, genetically predicted CigDay was associated with a higher risk of sepsis (OR 1.403, 95% CI 1.037–1.898, P = 0.028) and pneumonia (OR 1.501, 95% CI 1.167–1.930, P = 0.00156). Furthermore, genetically predicted LifSmk was associated with an increased risk of sepsis (OR 2.200, 95% CI 1.583–3.057, P = 2.63 × 10−6), pneumonia (OR 3.462, 95% CI 2.798–4.285, P = 3.28 × 10−30), URTI (OR 2.523, 95% CI 1.315–4.841, P = 0.005) and UTI (OR 2.036, 95% CI 1.585–2.616, P = 3.0 × 10−8). However, there was no significant causal evidence for genetically predicted DrnkWk in sepsis, pneumonia, URTI or UTI. Multivariable MR analyses and sensitivity analyses showed that the above results for causal association estimations were robust. Conclusion In this MR study, we demonstrated the causal association between tobacco smoking and risk of infectious diseases. However, no evidence was found to support causality between alcohol use and the risk of infectious diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:45:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fffec8412f6442db8fea6a8181a4afc5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2193-8229 2193-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:45:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Adis, Springer Healthcare |
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| series | Infectious Diseases and Therapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-fffec8412f6442db8fea6a8181a4afc52023-03-22T11:56:21ZengAdis, Springer HealthcareInfectious Diseases and Therapy2193-82292193-63822023-03-0112396597710.1007/s40121-023-00775-4Causal Associations Between Tobacco, Alcohol Use and Risk of Infectious Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization StudyHongxiang Zhu0Xiaohui Zhan1Congjie Wang2Yuying Deng3Xiaoping Li4Linru Song5Lingyan Zhao6Department of Emergency, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalRespiratory Intensive Care Unit, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalDepartment of Nursing, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalAbstract Introduction The causal effects of smoking and alcohol use on the risk of infectious diseases are unclear, and it is hard investigate them in an observational study due to the potential confounding factors. The aim of this study was to use Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques to assess the causalities between smoking, alcohol use and risk of infectious diseases. Methods Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were performed using genome-wide association data for the age of initiation of regular smoking (AgeSmk, N = 341,427), smoking initiation (SmkInit, N = 1,232,091), cigarettes per day (CigDay, N = 337,334), lifetime smoking (LifSmk, N = 462,690), drinks per week (DrnkWk, N = 941,280), sepsis (N = 486,484), pneumonia (N = 486,484), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI, N = 486,484) and urinary tract infection (UTI, N = 486,214) among individuals of European ancestry. Independent genetic variants that were significantly (P < 5 × 10−8) associated with each exposure were considered as instruments. The inverse-variance-weighted method was used in the primary analysis, which was followed by a series of sensitivity analyses. Results Genetically predicted SmkInit was associated with an increased risk of sepsis (OR 1.353, 95% CI 1.079–1.696, P = 0.009), pneumonia (OR 1.770, 95% CI 1.464–2.141, P = 3.8 × 10−9) and UTI (OR 1.445, 95% CI 1.184–1.764, P = 3 × 10−4). Moreover, genetically predicted CigDay was associated with a higher risk of sepsis (OR 1.403, 95% CI 1.037–1.898, P = 0.028) and pneumonia (OR 1.501, 95% CI 1.167–1.930, P = 0.00156). Furthermore, genetically predicted LifSmk was associated with an increased risk of sepsis (OR 2.200, 95% CI 1.583–3.057, P = 2.63 × 10−6), pneumonia (OR 3.462, 95% CI 2.798–4.285, P = 3.28 × 10−30), URTI (OR 2.523, 95% CI 1.315–4.841, P = 0.005) and UTI (OR 2.036, 95% CI 1.585–2.616, P = 3.0 × 10−8). However, there was no significant causal evidence for genetically predicted DrnkWk in sepsis, pneumonia, URTI or UTI. Multivariable MR analyses and sensitivity analyses showed that the above results for causal association estimations were robust. Conclusion In this MR study, we demonstrated the causal association between tobacco smoking and risk of infectious diseases. However, no evidence was found to support causality between alcohol use and the risk of infectious diseases.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-023-00775-4TobaccoAlcohol useInfectious diseaseMendelian randomizationCausal relationship |
| spellingShingle | Hongxiang Zhu Xiaohui Zhan Congjie Wang Yuying Deng Xiaoping Li Linru Song Lingyan Zhao Causal Associations Between Tobacco, Alcohol Use and Risk of Infectious Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study Infectious Diseases and Therapy Tobacco Alcohol use Infectious disease Mendelian randomization Causal relationship |
| title | Causal Associations Between Tobacco, Alcohol Use and Risk of Infectious Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
| title_full | Causal Associations Between Tobacco, Alcohol Use and Risk of Infectious Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
| title_fullStr | Causal Associations Between Tobacco, Alcohol Use and Risk of Infectious Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Causal Associations Between Tobacco, Alcohol Use and Risk of Infectious Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
| title_short | Causal Associations Between Tobacco, Alcohol Use and Risk of Infectious Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
| title_sort | causal associations between tobacco alcohol use and risk of infectious diseases a mendelian randomization study |
| topic | Tobacco Alcohol use Infectious disease Mendelian randomization Causal relationship |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-023-00775-4 |
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