Effect of scale deposition on surface tension of seawater and membrane distillation
High liquid entry pressure (LEP) is one of the desired characteristics of a membrane distillation (MD) membrane. Maintaining LEP above operating feed pressure conditions is critical to prevent permeate quality worsening by saline feed liquid passage through the membrane. Air gap membrane distillatio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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International Desalination Association
2016
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100730 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3546-2091 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2901-0638 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0988-1057 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8323-2779 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8375-2694 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3446-1473 |
| _version_ | 1826196489078046720 |
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| author | Nayar, Kishor Govind Swaminathan, Jaichander Panchanathan, Divya Warsinger, David Elan Martin McKinley, Gareth H Lienhard, John H |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Abdul Latif Jameel World Water & Food Security Lab |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Abdul Latif Jameel World Water & Food Security Lab Nayar, Kishor Govind Swaminathan, Jaichander Panchanathan, Divya Warsinger, David Elan Martin McKinley, Gareth H Lienhard, John H |
| author_sort | Nayar, Kishor Govind |
| collection | MIT |
| description | High liquid entry pressure (LEP) is one of the desired characteristics of a membrane distillation (MD) membrane. Maintaining LEP above operating feed pressure conditions is critical to prevent permeate quality worsening by saline feed liquid passage through the membrane. Air gap membrane distillation experiments under controlled salinity and temperature operating conditions indicate that in addition to flux decline, inorganic scaling can also lead to feed breakthrough and permeate salinity increase in some cases. The relationship between calcium sulfate and carbonate scaling and breakthrough was further illustrated by comparing the permeate quality obtained using clean and fouled membrane with seawater brine of S = 120 g/kg as feed at t = 70 °C. While contact angle changes and pore size variation have been considered to explain salt passage and LEP decrease, the effect of surface tension of the feed liquid under MD operating conditions has not been investigated. In a previous work, the authors measured reference data and created correlations for surface tension of seawater for 1 ≤ t ≤ 92 °C and salinities 0 ≤ S ≤ 131 g/kg. In the present study, new measurements investigating the effect of scaling on the surface tension of seawater are presented. Bulk precipitation was observed in seawater solutions for t > 50 °C. Membrane distillation operating conditions were simulated in the surface tension measurements where the test-beaker was reused between experiments after rinsing, which left behind a thin layer of scalant on the glass surface. Repeatable results under these conditions show marked decrease in surface tension (up to 30% at S = 120 g/kg) from standard correlations. This reduction in surface tension can cause LEP to reduce and increase salt passage in MD systems at t > 50 °C, as has been reported in the literature. The role of surface tension changes on MD separation effectiveness is recognized. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:27:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/100730 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:27:46Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | International Desalination Association |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1007302023-02-17T02:05:36Z Effect of scale deposition on surface tension of seawater and membrane distillation Nayar, Kishor Govind Swaminathan, Jaichander Panchanathan, Divya Warsinger, David Elan Martin McKinley, Gareth H Lienhard, John H Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Abdul Latif Jameel World Water & Food Security Lab Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Nayar, Kishor Govind Swaminathan, Jaichander Panchanathan, Divya Warsinger, David Elan Martin McKinley, Gareth H. Lienhard, John H. High liquid entry pressure (LEP) is one of the desired characteristics of a membrane distillation (MD) membrane. Maintaining LEP above operating feed pressure conditions is critical to prevent permeate quality worsening by saline feed liquid passage through the membrane. Air gap membrane distillation experiments under controlled salinity and temperature operating conditions indicate that in addition to flux decline, inorganic scaling can also lead to feed breakthrough and permeate salinity increase in some cases. The relationship between calcium sulfate and carbonate scaling and breakthrough was further illustrated by comparing the permeate quality obtained using clean and fouled membrane with seawater brine of S = 120 g/kg as feed at t = 70 °C. While contact angle changes and pore size variation have been considered to explain salt passage and LEP decrease, the effect of surface tension of the feed liquid under MD operating conditions has not been investigated. In a previous work, the authors measured reference data and created correlations for surface tension of seawater for 1 ≤ t ≤ 92 °C and salinities 0 ≤ S ≤ 131 g/kg. In the present study, new measurements investigating the effect of scaling on the surface tension of seawater are presented. Bulk precipitation was observed in seawater solutions for t > 50 °C. Membrane distillation operating conditions were simulated in the surface tension measurements where the test-beaker was reused between experiments after rinsing, which left behind a thin layer of scalant on the glass surface. Repeatable results under these conditions show marked decrease in surface tension (up to 30% at S = 120 g/kg) from standard correlations. This reduction in surface tension can cause LEP to reduce and increase salt passage in MD systems at t > 50 °C, as has been reported in the literature. The role of surface tension changes on MD separation effectiveness is recognized. Center for Clean Water and Clean Energy at MIT and KFUPM (Project R13-CW-10) MIT Masdar Program (Reference 02/MI/MI/CP/11/07633/GEN/G/00) 2016-01-06T23:51:08Z 2016-01-06T23:51:08Z 2015-09 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100730 Nayar, Kishor Govind, Jaichander Swaminathan, Divya Panchanathan, David Martin Warsinger, Gareth H. McKinley, John H. Lienhard V. "EFFECT OF SCALE DEPOSITION ON SURFACE TENSION OF SEAWATER AND MEMBRANE DISTILLATION." 2015 International Desalination Association World Congress on Desalination and Water Reuse (September 2015). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3546-2091 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2901-0638 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0988-1057 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8323-2779 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8375-2694 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3446-1473 en_US http://s23.a2zinc.net/clients/IDA/IDAWC15/Public/SessionDetails.aspx?FromPage=Sessions.aspx&SessionID=155&SessionDateID=5 Proceedings of the 2015 International Desalination Association World Congress on Desalination and Water Reuse Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf International Desalination Association Prof. Lienhard via Angie Locknar |
| spellingShingle | Nayar, Kishor Govind Swaminathan, Jaichander Panchanathan, Divya Warsinger, David Elan Martin McKinley, Gareth H Lienhard, John H Effect of scale deposition on surface tension of seawater and membrane distillation |
| title | Effect of scale deposition on surface tension of seawater and membrane distillation |
| title_full | Effect of scale deposition on surface tension of seawater and membrane distillation |
| title_fullStr | Effect of scale deposition on surface tension of seawater and membrane distillation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of scale deposition on surface tension of seawater and membrane distillation |
| title_short | Effect of scale deposition on surface tension of seawater and membrane distillation |
| title_sort | effect of scale deposition on surface tension of seawater and membrane distillation |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100730 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3546-2091 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2901-0638 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0988-1057 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8323-2779 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8375-2694 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3446-1473 |
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