DISCOVERY OF THE CANDIDATE OFF-NUCLEAR ULTRASOFT HYPER-LUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE 3XMM J141711.1+522541
We report the discovery of an off-nuclear ultrasoft hyper-luminous X-ray source candidate 3XMM J141711.1+522541 in the inactive S0 galaxy SDSS J141711.07+522540.8 (z = 0.41827, d[subscript L] = 2.3 Gpc) in the Extended Groth Strip. It is located at a projected offset of ~1[" over .]0 (5.2 kpc)...
| Главные авторы: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Другие авторы: | |
| Формат: | Статья |
| Язык: | en_US |
| Опубликовано: |
IOP Publishing
2016
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| Online-ссылка: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/102646 |
| _version_ | 1826202246025576448 |
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| author | Lin, Dacheng Carrasco, Eleazar R. Webb, Natalie A. Irwin, Jimmy A. Dupke, Renato Romanowsky, Aaron J. Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico Strader, Jay Homan, Jeroen Barret, Didier Godet, Olivier |
| author2 | MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research |
| author_facet | MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Lin, Dacheng Carrasco, Eleazar R. Webb, Natalie A. Irwin, Jimmy A. Dupke, Renato Romanowsky, Aaron J. Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico Strader, Jay Homan, Jeroen Barret, Didier Godet, Olivier |
| author_sort | Lin, Dacheng |
| collection | MIT |
| description | We report the discovery of an off-nuclear ultrasoft hyper-luminous X-ray source candidate 3XMM J141711.1+522541 in the inactive S0 galaxy SDSS J141711.07+522540.8 (z = 0.41827, d[subscript L] = 2.3 Gpc) in the Extended Groth Strip. It is located at a projected offset of ~1[" over .]0 (5.2 kpc) from the nucleus of the galaxy and was serendipitously detected in five XMM-Newton observations in 2000 July. Two observations have enough counts and can be fitted with a standard thermal disk with an apparent inner disk temperature kT[subscript MCD] ~ 0.13 keV and a 0.28–14.2 keV unabsorbed luminosity L[subscript X] ~ 4 × 10[superscript 43] erg s[superscript −1] in the source rest frame. The source was still detected in three Chandra observations in 2002 August, with similarly ultrasoft but fainter spectra (kT[subscript MCD] ~ 0.17 keV, L[subscript X ] ~ 0.5 × 10[superscript 43] erg s[superscript −1]). It was not detected in later observations, including two by Chandra in 2005 October, one by XMM-Newton in 2014 January, and two by Chandra in 2014 September–October, implying a long-term flux variation factor of >14. Therefore the source could be a transient with an outburst in 2000–2002. It has a faint optical counterpart candidate, with apparent magnitudes of m[subscript F606W] = 26.3 AB mag and m[subscript F814W] = 25.5 AB mag in 2004 December (implying an absolute V-band magnitude of ~−15.9 AB mag). We discuss various explanations for the source and find that it is best explained as a massive black hole (BH) embedded in the nucleus of a possibly stripped satellite galaxy, with the X-ray outburst due to tidal disruption of a surrounding star by the BH. The BH mass is ~10[superscript 5] M[subscript ⊙], assuming the peak X-ray luminosity at around the Eddington limit. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T12:04:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/102646 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T12:04:29Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1026462022-09-27T23:56:28Z DISCOVERY OF THE CANDIDATE OFF-NUCLEAR ULTRASOFT HYPER-LUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE 3XMM J141711.1+522541 Lin, Dacheng Carrasco, Eleazar R. Webb, Natalie A. Irwin, Jimmy A. Dupke, Renato Romanowsky, Aaron J. Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico Strader, Jay Homan, Jeroen Barret, Didier Godet, Olivier MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Homan, Jeroen We report the discovery of an off-nuclear ultrasoft hyper-luminous X-ray source candidate 3XMM J141711.1+522541 in the inactive S0 galaxy SDSS J141711.07+522540.8 (z = 0.41827, d[subscript L] = 2.3 Gpc) in the Extended Groth Strip. It is located at a projected offset of ~1[" over .]0 (5.2 kpc) from the nucleus of the galaxy and was serendipitously detected in five XMM-Newton observations in 2000 July. Two observations have enough counts and can be fitted with a standard thermal disk with an apparent inner disk temperature kT[subscript MCD] ~ 0.13 keV and a 0.28–14.2 keV unabsorbed luminosity L[subscript X] ~ 4 × 10[superscript 43] erg s[superscript −1] in the source rest frame. The source was still detected in three Chandra observations in 2002 August, with similarly ultrasoft but fainter spectra (kT[subscript MCD] ~ 0.17 keV, L[subscript X ] ~ 0.5 × 10[superscript 43] erg s[superscript −1]). It was not detected in later observations, including two by Chandra in 2005 October, one by XMM-Newton in 2014 January, and two by Chandra in 2014 September–October, implying a long-term flux variation factor of >14. Therefore the source could be a transient with an outburst in 2000–2002. It has a faint optical counterpart candidate, with apparent magnitudes of m[subscript F606W] = 26.3 AB mag and m[subscript F814W] = 25.5 AB mag in 2004 December (implying an absolute V-band magnitude of ~−15.9 AB mag). We discuss various explanations for the source and find that it is best explained as a massive black hole (BH) embedded in the nucleus of a possibly stripped satellite galaxy, with the X-ray outburst due to tidal disruption of a surrounding star by the BH. The BH mass is ~10[superscript 5] M[subscript ⊙], assuming the peak X-ray luminosity at around the Eddington limit. 2016-05-24T01:12:20Z 2016-05-24T01:12:20Z 2016-04 2015-12 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1538-4357 0004-637X http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/102646 Lin, Dacheng, Eleazar R. Carrasco, Natalie A. Webb, Jimmy A. Irwin, Renato Dupke, Aaron J. Romanowsky, Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz, et al. “DISCOVERY OF THE CANDIDATE OFF-NUCLEAR ULTRASOFT HYPER-LUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE 3XMM J141711.1+522541.” The Astrophysical Journal 821, no. 1 (April 5, 2016): 25. © 2016 The American Astronomical Society en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/821/1/25 The Astrophysical Journal Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf IOP Publishing IOP Publishing |
| spellingShingle | Lin, Dacheng Carrasco, Eleazar R. Webb, Natalie A. Irwin, Jimmy A. Dupke, Renato Romanowsky, Aaron J. Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico Strader, Jay Homan, Jeroen Barret, Didier Godet, Olivier DISCOVERY OF THE CANDIDATE OFF-NUCLEAR ULTRASOFT HYPER-LUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE 3XMM J141711.1+522541 |
| title | DISCOVERY OF THE CANDIDATE OFF-NUCLEAR ULTRASOFT HYPER-LUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE 3XMM J141711.1+522541 |
| title_full | DISCOVERY OF THE CANDIDATE OFF-NUCLEAR ULTRASOFT HYPER-LUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE 3XMM J141711.1+522541 |
| title_fullStr | DISCOVERY OF THE CANDIDATE OFF-NUCLEAR ULTRASOFT HYPER-LUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE 3XMM J141711.1+522541 |
| title_full_unstemmed | DISCOVERY OF THE CANDIDATE OFF-NUCLEAR ULTRASOFT HYPER-LUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE 3XMM J141711.1+522541 |
| title_short | DISCOVERY OF THE CANDIDATE OFF-NUCLEAR ULTRASOFT HYPER-LUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE 3XMM J141711.1+522541 |
| title_sort | discovery of the candidate off nuclear ultrasoft hyper luminous x ray source 3xmm j141711 1 522541 |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/102646 |
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