Synthetic Physiology: Strategies for Adapting Tools from Nature for Genetically Targeted Control of Fast Biological Processes [Chapter 18]
The life and operation of cells involve many physiological processes that take place over fast timescales of milliseconds to minutes. Genetically encoded technologies for driving or suppressing specific fast physiological processes in intact cells, perhaps embedded within intact tissues in living or...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2016
|
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103538 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0419-3351 |
| _version_ | 1811087858183700480 |
|---|---|
| author | Chow, Brian Yichiun Chuong, Amy S. Klapoetke, Nathan Cao Boyden, Edward Stuart |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Synthetic Neurobiology Group |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Synthetic Neurobiology Group Chow, Brian Yichiun Chuong, Amy S. Klapoetke, Nathan Cao Boyden, Edward Stuart |
| author_sort | Chow, Brian Yichiun |
| collection | MIT |
| description | The life and operation of cells involve many physiological processes that take place over fast timescales of milliseconds to minutes. Genetically encoded technologies for driving or suppressing specific fast physiological processes in intact cells, perhaps embedded within intact tissues in living organisms, are critical for the ability to understand how these physiological processes contribute to emergent cellular and organismal functions and behaviors. Such “synthetic physiology” tools are often incredibly complex molecular machines, in part because they must operate at high speeds, without causing side effects. We here explore how synthetic physiology molecules can be identified and deployed in cells, and how the physiology of these molecules in cellular contexts can be assessed and optimized. For concreteness, we discuss these methods in the context of the “optogenetic” light-gated ion channels and pumps that we have developed over the past few years as synthetic physiology tools and widely disseminated for use in neuroscience for probing the role of specific brain cell types in neural computations, behaviors, and pathologies. We anticipate that some of the insights revealed here may be of general value for the field of synthetic physiology, as they raise issues that will be of importance for the development and use of high-performance, high-speed, side-effect free physiological control tools in heterologous expression systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:53:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/103538 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:53:00Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1035382022-09-28T16:50:45Z Synthetic Physiology: Strategies for Adapting Tools from Nature for Genetically Targeted Control of Fast Biological Processes [Chapter 18] Chow, Brian Yichiun Chuong, Amy S. Klapoetke, Nathan Cao Boyden, Edward Stuart Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Synthetic Neurobiology Group Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Media Laboratory McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT Chow, Brian Yichiun Chuong, Amy S. Klapoetke, Nathan Cao Boyden, Edward Stuart The life and operation of cells involve many physiological processes that take place over fast timescales of milliseconds to minutes. Genetically encoded technologies for driving or suppressing specific fast physiological processes in intact cells, perhaps embedded within intact tissues in living organisms, are critical for the ability to understand how these physiological processes contribute to emergent cellular and organismal functions and behaviors. Such “synthetic physiology” tools are often incredibly complex molecular machines, in part because they must operate at high speeds, without causing side effects. We here explore how synthetic physiology molecules can be identified and deployed in cells, and how the physiology of these molecules in cellular contexts can be assessed and optimized. For concreteness, we discuss these methods in the context of the “optogenetic” light-gated ion channels and pumps that we have developed over the past few years as synthetic physiology tools and widely disseminated for use in neuroscience for probing the role of specific brain cell types in neural computations, behaviors, and pathologies. We anticipate that some of the insights revealed here may be of general value for the field of synthetic physiology, as they raise issues that will be of importance for the development and use of high-performance, high-speed, side-effect free physiological control tools in heterologous expression systems. National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH Director's New Innovator Award DP2OD002002) National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant 1R01DA029639) National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant 1RC1MH088182) National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant 1RC2DE020919) National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant 1R01NS067199) National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant 1R43NS070453) National Science Foundation (U.S.) (NSF CAREER Award) National Science Foundation (U.S.) (NSF grant EFRI 0835878) National Science Foundation (U.S.) (NSF Grant DMS 0848804) National Science Foundation (U.S.) (NSF Grant DMS 1042134) 2016-07-07T17:18:16Z 2016-07-07T17:18:16Z 2011-05 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 9780123850751 00766879 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103538 Chow, Brian Y., Amy S. Chuong, Nathan C. Klapoetke, and Edward S. Boyden. "Synthetic Physiology: Strategies for Adapting Tools from Nature for Genetically Targeted Control of Fast Biological Processes." Methods in Enzymology, Synthetic Biology, Part A., Volume 497, Pages 2-662, (2011). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0419-3351 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385075-1.00018-4 Synthetic Biology, Part A Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ application/pdf Elsevier PMC |
| spellingShingle | Chow, Brian Yichiun Chuong, Amy S. Klapoetke, Nathan Cao Boyden, Edward Stuart Synthetic Physiology: Strategies for Adapting Tools from Nature for Genetically Targeted Control of Fast Biological Processes [Chapter 18] |
| title | Synthetic Physiology: Strategies for Adapting Tools from Nature for Genetically Targeted Control of Fast Biological Processes [Chapter 18] |
| title_full | Synthetic Physiology: Strategies for Adapting Tools from Nature for Genetically Targeted Control of Fast Biological Processes [Chapter 18] |
| title_fullStr | Synthetic Physiology: Strategies for Adapting Tools from Nature for Genetically Targeted Control of Fast Biological Processes [Chapter 18] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthetic Physiology: Strategies for Adapting Tools from Nature for Genetically Targeted Control of Fast Biological Processes [Chapter 18] |
| title_short | Synthetic Physiology: Strategies for Adapting Tools from Nature for Genetically Targeted Control of Fast Biological Processes [Chapter 18] |
| title_sort | synthetic physiology strategies for adapting tools from nature for genetically targeted control of fast biological processes chapter 18 |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103538 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0419-3351 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chowbrianyichiun syntheticphysiologystrategiesforadaptingtoolsfromnatureforgeneticallytargetedcontroloffastbiologicalprocesseschapter18 AT chuongamys syntheticphysiologystrategiesforadaptingtoolsfromnatureforgeneticallytargetedcontroloffastbiologicalprocesseschapter18 AT klapoetkenathancao syntheticphysiologystrategiesforadaptingtoolsfromnatureforgeneticallytargetedcontroloffastbiologicalprocesseschapter18 AT boydenedwardstuart syntheticphysiologystrategiesforadaptingtoolsfromnatureforgeneticallytargetedcontroloffastbiologicalprocesseschapter18 |