Toxoplasma gondii effectors are master regulators of the inflammatory response
Toxoplasma is a highly successful parasite that establishes a life-long chronic infection. To do this, it must carefully regulate immune activation and host cell effector mechanisms. Here we review the latest developments in our understanding of how Toxoplasma counteracts the immune response of the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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Elsevier
2016
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103959 |
| _version_ | 1826213801226141696 |
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| author | Melo, Mariane Bandeira Saeij, Jeroen Jensen, Kirk D. |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology Melo, Mariane Bandeira Saeij, Jeroen Jensen, Kirk D. |
| author_sort | Melo, Mariane Bandeira |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Toxoplasma is a highly successful parasite that establishes a life-long chronic infection. To do this, it must carefully regulate immune activation and host cell effector mechanisms. Here we review the latest developments in our understanding of how Toxoplasma counteracts the immune response of the host, and in some cases provokes it, through the use of specific parasite effector proteins. An emerging theme from these discoveries is that Toxoplasma effectors are master regulators of the pro-inflammatory response, which elicits many of the toxoplasmacidal mechanisms of the host. We speculate that combinations of these effectors present in certain Toxoplasma strains work to maintain an optimal parasite burden in different hosts to ensure parasite transmission. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T15:55:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/103959 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T15:55:02Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1039592022-09-29T17:02:51Z Toxoplasma gondii effectors are master regulators of the inflammatory response Melo, Mariane Bandeira Saeij, Jeroen Jensen, Kirk D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology Saeij, Jereon Melo, Mariane Bandeira Jensen, Kirk D. C. Saeij, Jeroen Toxoplasma is a highly successful parasite that establishes a life-long chronic infection. To do this, it must carefully regulate immune activation and host cell effector mechanisms. Here we review the latest developments in our understanding of how Toxoplasma counteracts the immune response of the host, and in some cases provokes it, through the use of specific parasite effector proteins. An emerging theme from these discoveries is that Toxoplasma effectors are master regulators of the pro-inflammatory response, which elicits many of the toxoplasmacidal mechanisms of the host. We speculate that combinations of these effectors present in certain Toxoplasma strains work to maintain an optimal parasite burden in different hosts to ensure parasite transmission. Knights Templar Eye Foundation, Inc. American Heart Association (0835099N) Massachusetts Life Sciences Center (New Investigator Award) Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH RO1-AI080621) New England Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases (NERCE Developmental Grant) National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (Irvington Postdoctoral Fellowship Program) 2016-08-19T16:45:08Z 2016-08-19T16:45:08Z 2011-09 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 14714922 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103959 Melo, Mariane B., Kirk D.C. Jensen, and Jeroen P.J. Saeij. “Toxoplasma Gondii Effectors Are Master Regulators of the Inflammatory Response.” Trends in Parasitology 27, no. 11 (November 2011): 487–495. en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2011.08.001 Trends in Parasitology Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ application/pdf Elsevier Prof. Saeij via Courtney Crummett |
| spellingShingle | Melo, Mariane Bandeira Saeij, Jeroen Jensen, Kirk D. Toxoplasma gondii effectors are master regulators of the inflammatory response |
| title | Toxoplasma gondii effectors are master regulators of the inflammatory response |
| title_full | Toxoplasma gondii effectors are master regulators of the inflammatory response |
| title_fullStr | Toxoplasma gondii effectors are master regulators of the inflammatory response |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxoplasma gondii effectors are master regulators of the inflammatory response |
| title_short | Toxoplasma gondii effectors are master regulators of the inflammatory response |
| title_sort | toxoplasma gondii effectors are master regulators of the inflammatory response |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103959 |
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