Intercomparison and validation of the mixed layer depth fields of global ocean syntheses
Intercomparison and evaluation of the global ocean surface mixed layer depth (MLD) fields estimated from a suite of major ocean syntheses are conducted. Compared with the reference MLDs calculated from individual profiles, MLDs calculated from monthly mean and gridded profiles show negative biases o...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2016
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104620 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3925-6161 |
| _version_ | 1811081447011778560 |
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| author | Toyoda, Takahiro Fujii, Yosuke Kuragano, Tsurane Kamachi, Masafumi Ishikawa, Yoichi Masuda, Shuhei Sato, Kanako Awaji, Toshiyuki Hernandez, Fabrice Ferry, Nicolas Guinehut, Stéphanie Martin, Matthew J. Peterson, K. Andrew Good, Simon A. Valdivieso, Maria Haines, Keith Storto, Andrea Masina, Simona Köhl, Armin Zuo, Hao Balmaseda, Magdalena Yin, Yonghong Shi, Li Alves, Oscar Smith, Gregory Chang, You-Soon Vernieres, Guillaume Wang, Xiaochun Forget, Gael Heimbach, Patrick Wang, Ou Fukumori, Ichiro Lee, Tong |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Toyoda, Takahiro Fujii, Yosuke Kuragano, Tsurane Kamachi, Masafumi Ishikawa, Yoichi Masuda, Shuhei Sato, Kanako Awaji, Toshiyuki Hernandez, Fabrice Ferry, Nicolas Guinehut, Stéphanie Martin, Matthew J. Peterson, K. Andrew Good, Simon A. Valdivieso, Maria Haines, Keith Storto, Andrea Masina, Simona Köhl, Armin Zuo, Hao Balmaseda, Magdalena Yin, Yonghong Shi, Li Alves, Oscar Smith, Gregory Chang, You-Soon Vernieres, Guillaume Wang, Xiaochun Forget, Gael Heimbach, Patrick Wang, Ou Fukumori, Ichiro Lee, Tong |
| author_sort | Toyoda, Takahiro |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Intercomparison and evaluation of the global ocean surface mixed layer depth (MLD) fields estimated from a suite of major ocean syntheses are conducted. Compared with the reference MLDs calculated from individual profiles, MLDs calculated from monthly mean and gridded profiles show negative biases of 10–20 m in early spring related to the re-stratification process of relatively deep mixed layers. Vertical resolution of profiles also influences the MLD estimation. MLDs are underestimated by approximately 5–7 (14–16) m with the vertical resolution of 25 (50) m when the criterion of potential density exceeding the 10-m value by 0.03 kg m[superscript −3] is used for the MLD estimation. Using the larger criterion (0.125 kg m[superscript −3]) generally reduces the underestimations. In addition, positive biases greater than 100 m are found in wintertime subpolar regions when MLD criteria based on temperature are used. Biases of the reanalyses are due to both model errors and errors related to differences between the assimilation methods. The result shows that these errors are partially cancelled out through the ensemble averaging. Moreover, the bias in the ensemble mean field of the reanalyses is smaller than in the observation-only analyses. This is largely attributed to comparably higher resolutions of the reanalyses. The robust reproduction of both the seasonal cycle and interannual variability by the ensemble mean of the reanalyses indicates a great potential of the ensemble mean MLD field for investigating and monitoring upper ocean processes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T11:46:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/104620 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T11:46:49Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1046202022-10-01T05:59:10Z Intercomparison and validation of the mixed layer depth fields of global ocean syntheses Toyoda, Takahiro Fujii, Yosuke Kuragano, Tsurane Kamachi, Masafumi Ishikawa, Yoichi Masuda, Shuhei Sato, Kanako Awaji, Toshiyuki Hernandez, Fabrice Ferry, Nicolas Guinehut, Stéphanie Martin, Matthew J. Peterson, K. Andrew Good, Simon A. Valdivieso, Maria Haines, Keith Storto, Andrea Masina, Simona Köhl, Armin Zuo, Hao Balmaseda, Magdalena Yin, Yonghong Shi, Li Alves, Oscar Smith, Gregory Chang, You-Soon Vernieres, Guillaume Wang, Xiaochun Forget, Gael Heimbach, Patrick Wang, Ou Fukumori, Ichiro Lee, Tong Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Forget, Gael Heimbach, Patrick Intercomparison and evaluation of the global ocean surface mixed layer depth (MLD) fields estimated from a suite of major ocean syntheses are conducted. Compared with the reference MLDs calculated from individual profiles, MLDs calculated from monthly mean and gridded profiles show negative biases of 10–20 m in early spring related to the re-stratification process of relatively deep mixed layers. Vertical resolution of profiles also influences the MLD estimation. MLDs are underestimated by approximately 5–7 (14–16) m with the vertical resolution of 25 (50) m when the criterion of potential density exceeding the 10-m value by 0.03 kg m[superscript −3] is used for the MLD estimation. Using the larger criterion (0.125 kg m[superscript −3]) generally reduces the underestimations. In addition, positive biases greater than 100 m are found in wintertime subpolar regions when MLD criteria based on temperature are used. Biases of the reanalyses are due to both model errors and errors related to differences between the assimilation methods. The result shows that these errors are partially cancelled out through the ensemble averaging. Moreover, the bias in the ensemble mean field of the reanalyses is smaller than in the observation-only analyses. This is largely attributed to comparably higher resolutions of the reanalyses. The robust reproduction of both the seasonal cycle and interannual variability by the ensemble mean of the reanalyses indicates a great potential of the ensemble mean MLD field for investigating and monitoring upper ocean processes. Japan. Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Research Program on Climate Change Adaptation Japan. Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Data Integration and Analysis System Great Britain. Department of Energy and Climate Change Great Britain. Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme Great Britain. Public Weather Service Research Programme European Commission (Projects MyOcean (FP7-SPACE-2007-1) and MyOcean2 (FP7-SPACE-2011-1)) 2016-09-30T19:51:38Z 2016-09-30T19:51:38Z 2015-05 2014-12 2016-08-18T15:25:20Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0930-7575 1432-0894 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104620 Toyoda, Takahiro et al. “Intercomparison and Validation of the Mixed Layer Depth Fields of Global Ocean Syntheses.” Climate Dynamics (2015): n. pag. CrossRef. Web. 30 Sept. 2016. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3925-6161 en http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2637-7 Climate Dynamics Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg application/pdf Springer Berlin Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
| spellingShingle | Toyoda, Takahiro Fujii, Yosuke Kuragano, Tsurane Kamachi, Masafumi Ishikawa, Yoichi Masuda, Shuhei Sato, Kanako Awaji, Toshiyuki Hernandez, Fabrice Ferry, Nicolas Guinehut, Stéphanie Martin, Matthew J. Peterson, K. Andrew Good, Simon A. Valdivieso, Maria Haines, Keith Storto, Andrea Masina, Simona Köhl, Armin Zuo, Hao Balmaseda, Magdalena Yin, Yonghong Shi, Li Alves, Oscar Smith, Gregory Chang, You-Soon Vernieres, Guillaume Wang, Xiaochun Forget, Gael Heimbach, Patrick Wang, Ou Fukumori, Ichiro Lee, Tong Intercomparison and validation of the mixed layer depth fields of global ocean syntheses |
| title | Intercomparison and validation of the mixed layer depth fields of global ocean syntheses |
| title_full | Intercomparison and validation of the mixed layer depth fields of global ocean syntheses |
| title_fullStr | Intercomparison and validation of the mixed layer depth fields of global ocean syntheses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intercomparison and validation of the mixed layer depth fields of global ocean syntheses |
| title_short | Intercomparison and validation of the mixed layer depth fields of global ocean syntheses |
| title_sort | intercomparison and validation of the mixed layer depth fields of global ocean syntheses |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104620 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3925-6161 |
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