Smaller & Sooner: Exploiting High Magnetic Fields from New Superconductors for a More Attractive Fusion Energy Development Path
The current fusion energy development path, based on large volume moderate magnetic B field devices is proving to be slow and expensive. A modest development effort in exploiting new superconductor magnet technology development, and accompanying plasma physics research at high-B, could open up a via...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer US
2016
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105878 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9001-5606 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-9261 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5283-0546 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4438-729X |
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| author | Whyte, Dennis G Minervini, Joseph V Labombard, Brian Bromberg, Leslie Marmar, Earl S. Greenwald, Martin J. |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Whyte, Dennis G Minervini, Joseph V Labombard, Brian Bromberg, Leslie Marmar, Earl S. Greenwald, Martin J. |
| author_sort | Whyte, Dennis G |
| collection | MIT |
| description | The current fusion energy development path, based on large volume moderate magnetic B field devices is proving to be slow and expensive. A modest development effort in exploiting new superconductor magnet technology development, and accompanying plasma physics research at high-B, could open up a viable and attractive path for fusion energy development. This path would feature smaller volume, fusion capable devices that could be built more quickly than low-to-moderate field designs based on conventional superconductors. Fusion’s worldwide development could be accelerated by using several small, flexible devices rather than relying solely on a single, very large device. These would be used to obtain the acknowledged science and technology knowledge necessary for fusion energy beyond achievement of high gain. Such a scenario would also permit the testing of multiple confinement configurations while distributing technical and scientific risk among smaller devices. Higher field and small size also allows operation away from well-known operational limits for plasma pressure, density and current. The advantages of this path have been long recognized—earlier US plans for burning plasma experiments (compact ignition tokamak, burning plasma experiment, fusion ignition research experiment) featured compact high-field designs, but these were necessarily pulsed due to the use of copper coils. Underpinning this new approach is the recent industrial maturity of high-temperature, high-field superconductor tapes that would offer a truly “game changing” opportunity for magnetic fusion when developed into large-scale coils. The superconductor tape form and higher operating temperatures also open up the possibility of demountable superconducting magnets in a fusion system, providing a modularity that vastly improves simplicity in the construction, maintenance, and upgrade of the coils and the internal nuclear engineering components required for fusion’s development. Our conclusion is that while tradeoffs exist in design choices, for example coil, cost and stress limits versus size, the potential physics and technology advantages of high-field superconductors are attractive and they should be vigorously pursued for magnetic fusion’s development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T08:16:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/105878 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T08:16:14Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Springer US |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1058782023-02-26T02:52:58Z Smaller & Sooner: Exploiting High Magnetic Fields from New Superconductors for a More Attractive Fusion Energy Development Path Whyte, Dennis G Minervini, Joseph V Labombard, Brian Bromberg, Leslie Marmar, Earl S. Greenwald, Martin J. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center Whyte, Dennis G Minervini, Joseph V Labombard, Brian Marmar, Earl S Bromberg, Leslie Greenwald, Martin J The current fusion energy development path, based on large volume moderate magnetic B field devices is proving to be slow and expensive. A modest development effort in exploiting new superconductor magnet technology development, and accompanying plasma physics research at high-B, could open up a viable and attractive path for fusion energy development. This path would feature smaller volume, fusion capable devices that could be built more quickly than low-to-moderate field designs based on conventional superconductors. Fusion’s worldwide development could be accelerated by using several small, flexible devices rather than relying solely on a single, very large device. These would be used to obtain the acknowledged science and technology knowledge necessary for fusion energy beyond achievement of high gain. Such a scenario would also permit the testing of multiple confinement configurations while distributing technical and scientific risk among smaller devices. Higher field and small size also allows operation away from well-known operational limits for plasma pressure, density and current. The advantages of this path have been long recognized—earlier US plans for burning plasma experiments (compact ignition tokamak, burning plasma experiment, fusion ignition research experiment) featured compact high-field designs, but these were necessarily pulsed due to the use of copper coils. Underpinning this new approach is the recent industrial maturity of high-temperature, high-field superconductor tapes that would offer a truly “game changing” opportunity for magnetic fusion when developed into large-scale coils. The superconductor tape form and higher operating temperatures also open up the possibility of demountable superconducting magnets in a fusion system, providing a modularity that vastly improves simplicity in the construction, maintenance, and upgrade of the coils and the internal nuclear engineering components required for fusion’s development. Our conclusion is that while tradeoffs exist in design choices, for example coil, cost and stress limits versus size, the potential physics and technology advantages of high-field superconductors are attractive and they should be vigorously pursued for magnetic fusion’s development. 2016-12-19T20:20:16Z 2016-12-19T20:20:16Z 2016-01 2016-08-18T15:42:57Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0164-0313 1572-9591 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105878 Whyte, D. G. et al. “Smaller & Sooner: Exploiting High Magnetic Fields from New Superconductors for a More Attractive Fusion Energy Development Path.” Journal of Fusion Energy 35.1 (2016): 41–53. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9001-5606 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-9261 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5283-0546 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4438-729X en http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10894-015-0050-1 Journal of Fusion Energy Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Springer Science+Business Media New York application/pdf Springer US Springer US |
| spellingShingle | Whyte, Dennis G Minervini, Joseph V Labombard, Brian Bromberg, Leslie Marmar, Earl S. Greenwald, Martin J. Smaller & Sooner: Exploiting High Magnetic Fields from New Superconductors for a More Attractive Fusion Energy Development Path |
| title | Smaller & Sooner: Exploiting High Magnetic Fields from New Superconductors for a More Attractive Fusion Energy Development Path |
| title_full | Smaller & Sooner: Exploiting High Magnetic Fields from New Superconductors for a More Attractive Fusion Energy Development Path |
| title_fullStr | Smaller & Sooner: Exploiting High Magnetic Fields from New Superconductors for a More Attractive Fusion Energy Development Path |
| title_full_unstemmed | Smaller & Sooner: Exploiting High Magnetic Fields from New Superconductors for a More Attractive Fusion Energy Development Path |
| title_short | Smaller & Sooner: Exploiting High Magnetic Fields from New Superconductors for a More Attractive Fusion Energy Development Path |
| title_sort | smaller sooner exploiting high magnetic fields from new superconductors for a more attractive fusion energy development path |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105878 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9001-5606 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-9261 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5283-0546 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4438-729X |
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