Understanding the Effect of Cognitive Reference Frames on Unmanned Aircraft Operations
As an ever-greater share of our national military airborne resources transition from manned to unmanned aircraft (UA) the issues associated with unmanned aircraft operations become more and more important. This study seeks to understand the difficulties associated with controlling both the unmanned...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| 格式: | Technical Report |
| 语言: | en_US |
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2016
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| 在线阅读: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106140 |
| _version_ | 1826216734057562112 |
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| author | Rabe, Matthew Hansman, R. John |
| author_facet | Rabe, Matthew Hansman, R. John |
| author_sort | Rabe, Matthew |
| collection | MIT |
| description | As an ever-greater share of our national military airborne resources transition from manned to unmanned aircraft (UA) the issues associated with unmanned aircraft operations become more and more important. This study seeks to understand the difficulties associated with controlling both the unmanned aircraft and an onboard video sensor.
Traditional unmanned aircraft involve multiple operators controlling multiple control displays that are often oriented on misaligned reference frames. One example unmanned aircraft mission includes a target described on a north-up reference frame, such as a map. The pilot plans a flight path, to this target, on a north-up map, but controls the aircraft along that flight path using an aircraft-view reference frame that offers a forward-looking cockpit view. Finally, the sensor operator controls the sensor to point at the target area using a sensor-view reference frame that offers a sensor viewfinder perspective. Any unmanned aircraft operator or team of operators is required to manage tasks across these multiple reference frames (north-up, aircraft-view, and sensor-view).
This study investigated several display design techniques that had the potential to reduce the cognitive burden associated with correlating information from multiple reference frames. Orientation aids, reference frame alignment, display integration, and reduced display redundancy were all evaluated with human subject simulator experiments. During four separate experiments, a total of 80 subjects were asked to complete a series of representative unmanned aircraft operational tasks involving target acquisition, imagery orientation, target tracking, and flight path control.
A simulator was developed to support this effort and allow for modification of display characteristics. Over all four experiments the reference frame alignment technique reduced basic orientation time and improved target acquisition time along with other performance and workload measures. The currently accepted practice of placing an orientation aid, such as a north arrow, on the displayed sensor video was only significant on the basic imagery orientation task and did not have a significant impact on the more involved target acquisition task. This research introduced a potential benefit of reference frame alignment on unmanned aircraft operations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:52:15Z |
| format | Technical Report |
| id | mit-1721.1/106140 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:52:15Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1061402019-04-11T00:07:04Z Understanding the Effect of Cognitive Reference Frames on Unmanned Aircraft Operations Rabe, Matthew Hansman, R. John unmanned aircraft onboard video sensor air transportation As an ever-greater share of our national military airborne resources transition from manned to unmanned aircraft (UA) the issues associated with unmanned aircraft operations become more and more important. This study seeks to understand the difficulties associated with controlling both the unmanned aircraft and an onboard video sensor. Traditional unmanned aircraft involve multiple operators controlling multiple control displays that are often oriented on misaligned reference frames. One example unmanned aircraft mission includes a target described on a north-up reference frame, such as a map. The pilot plans a flight path, to this target, on a north-up map, but controls the aircraft along that flight path using an aircraft-view reference frame that offers a forward-looking cockpit view. Finally, the sensor operator controls the sensor to point at the target area using a sensor-view reference frame that offers a sensor viewfinder perspective. Any unmanned aircraft operator or team of operators is required to manage tasks across these multiple reference frames (north-up, aircraft-view, and sensor-view). This study investigated several display design techniques that had the potential to reduce the cognitive burden associated with correlating information from multiple reference frames. Orientation aids, reference frame alignment, display integration, and reduced display redundancy were all evaluated with human subject simulator experiments. During four separate experiments, a total of 80 subjects were asked to complete a series of representative unmanned aircraft operational tasks involving target acquisition, imagery orientation, target tracking, and flight path control. A simulator was developed to support this effort and allow for modification of display characteristics. Over all four experiments the reference frame alignment technique reduced basic orientation time and improved target acquisition time along with other performance and workload measures. The currently accepted practice of placing an orientation aid, such as a north arrow, on the displayed sensor video was only significant on the basic imagery orientation task and did not have a significant impact on the more involved target acquisition task. This research introduced a potential benefit of reference frame alignment on unmanned aircraft operations. This material is based upon work supported by the Air Force Rapid Capabilities Office under Air Force Contract No. FA8721-05-C-0002. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the US Government. 2016-12-27T15:37:35Z 2016-12-27T15:37:35Z 2016-12-27 Technical Report http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106140 en_US ICAT;2016-03 application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | unmanned aircraft onboard video sensor air transportation Rabe, Matthew Hansman, R. John Understanding the Effect of Cognitive Reference Frames on Unmanned Aircraft Operations |
| title | Understanding the Effect of Cognitive Reference Frames on Unmanned Aircraft Operations |
| title_full | Understanding the Effect of Cognitive Reference Frames on Unmanned Aircraft Operations |
| title_fullStr | Understanding the Effect of Cognitive Reference Frames on Unmanned Aircraft Operations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding the Effect of Cognitive Reference Frames on Unmanned Aircraft Operations |
| title_short | Understanding the Effect of Cognitive Reference Frames on Unmanned Aircraft Operations |
| title_sort | understanding the effect of cognitive reference frames on unmanned aircraft operations |
| topic | unmanned aircraft onboard video sensor air transportation |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106140 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rabematthew understandingtheeffectofcognitivereferenceframesonunmannedaircraftoperations AT hansmanrjohn understandingtheeffectofcognitivereferenceframesonunmannedaircraftoperations |