The Scientific Measurement System of the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) Mission
The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission to the Moon utilized an integrated scientific measurement system comprised of flight, ground, mission, and data system elements in order to meet the end-to-end performance required to achieve its scientific objectives. Modeling and simulat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer Netherlands
2017
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107472 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2652-8017 |
| _version_ | 1826204416094502912 |
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| author | Kruizinga, Gerhard Paik, Meegyeong Yuan, Dah-Ning Fahnestock, Eugene Strekalov, Dmitry Harvey, Nate Lu, Wenwen Kahan, Daniel Oudrhiri, Kamal Smith, David E Zuber, Maria T Asmar, Sami W. Konopliv, Alexander S. Watkins, Michael M. Williams, James G. Park, Ryan S. Zuber, Maria Smith, David Edmund |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Kruizinga, Gerhard Paik, Meegyeong Yuan, Dah-Ning Fahnestock, Eugene Strekalov, Dmitry Harvey, Nate Lu, Wenwen Kahan, Daniel Oudrhiri, Kamal Smith, David E Zuber, Maria T Asmar, Sami W. Konopliv, Alexander S. Watkins, Michael M. Williams, James G. Park, Ryan S. Zuber, Maria Smith, David Edmund |
| author_sort | Kruizinga, Gerhard |
| collection | MIT |
| description | The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission to the Moon utilized an integrated scientific measurement system comprised of flight, ground, mission, and data system elements in order to meet the end-to-end performance required to achieve its scientific objectives. Modeling and simulation efforts were carried out early in the mission that influenced and optimized the design, implementation, and testing of these elements. Because the two prime scientific observables, range between the two spacecraft and range rates between each spacecraft and ground stations, can be affected by the performance of any element of the mission, we treated every element as part of an extended science instrument, a science system. All simulations and modeling took into account the design and configuration of each element to compute the expected performance and error budgets. In the process, scientific requirements were converted to engineering specifications that became the primary drivers for development and testing. Extensive simulations demonstrated that the scientific objectives could in most cases be met with significant margin. Errors are grouped into dynamic or kinematic sources and the largest source of non-gravitational error comes from spacecraft thermal radiation. With all error models included, the baseline solution shows that estimation of the lunar gravity field is robust against both dynamic and kinematic errors and a nominal field of degree 300 or better could be achieved according to the scaled Kaula rule for the Moon. The core signature is more sensitive to modeling errors and can be recovered with a small margin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T12:54:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/107472 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T12:54:43Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Springer Netherlands |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1074722024-05-15T04:28:02Z The Scientific Measurement System of the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) Mission Kruizinga, Gerhard Paik, Meegyeong Yuan, Dah-Ning Fahnestock, Eugene Strekalov, Dmitry Harvey, Nate Lu, Wenwen Kahan, Daniel Oudrhiri, Kamal Smith, David E Zuber, Maria T Asmar, Sami W. Konopliv, Alexander S. Watkins, Michael M. Williams, James G. Park, Ryan S. Zuber, Maria Smith, David Edmund Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Zuber, Maria Smith, David E. The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission to the Moon utilized an integrated scientific measurement system comprised of flight, ground, mission, and data system elements in order to meet the end-to-end performance required to achieve its scientific objectives. Modeling and simulation efforts were carried out early in the mission that influenced and optimized the design, implementation, and testing of these elements. Because the two prime scientific observables, range between the two spacecraft and range rates between each spacecraft and ground stations, can be affected by the performance of any element of the mission, we treated every element as part of an extended science instrument, a science system. All simulations and modeling took into account the design and configuration of each element to compute the expected performance and error budgets. In the process, scientific requirements were converted to engineering specifications that became the primary drivers for development and testing. Extensive simulations demonstrated that the scientific objectives could in most cases be met with significant margin. Errors are grouped into dynamic or kinematic sources and the largest source of non-gravitational error comes from spacecraft thermal radiation. With all error models included, the baseline solution shows that estimation of the lunar gravity field is robust against both dynamic and kinematic errors and a nominal field of degree 300 or better could be achieved according to the scaled Kaula rule for the Moon. The core signature is more sensitive to modeling errors and can be recovered with a small margin. 2017-03-17T16:55:37Z 2017-03-17T16:55:37Z 2013-02 2012-10 2016-08-18T15:18:21Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0038-6308 1572-9672 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107472 Asmar, Sami W. et al. “The Scientific Measurement System of the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) Mission.” Space Science Reviews 178.1 (2013): 25–55. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2652-8017 en http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-013-9962-0 Space Science Reviews Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht application/pdf Springer Netherlands Springer Netherlands |
| spellingShingle | Kruizinga, Gerhard Paik, Meegyeong Yuan, Dah-Ning Fahnestock, Eugene Strekalov, Dmitry Harvey, Nate Lu, Wenwen Kahan, Daniel Oudrhiri, Kamal Smith, David E Zuber, Maria T Asmar, Sami W. Konopliv, Alexander S. Watkins, Michael M. Williams, James G. Park, Ryan S. Zuber, Maria Smith, David Edmund The Scientific Measurement System of the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) Mission |
| title | The Scientific Measurement System of the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) Mission |
| title_full | The Scientific Measurement System of the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) Mission |
| title_fullStr | The Scientific Measurement System of the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) Mission |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Scientific Measurement System of the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) Mission |
| title_short | The Scientific Measurement System of the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) Mission |
| title_sort | scientific measurement system of the gravity recovery and interior laboratory grail mission |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107472 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2652-8017 |
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