Thermodynamic analysis of brine management methods: Zero-discharge desalination and salinity-gradient power production
Growing desalination capacity worldwide has made management of discharge brines an increasingly urgent environmental challenge. An important step in understanding how to choose between different brine management processes is to study the energetics of these processes. In this paper, we analyze two d...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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Elsevier B.V.
2017
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107713 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0988-1057 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8375-2694 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-9167 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2901-0638 |
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| author | Chung, Hyung Won Nayar, Kishor Govind Swaminathan, Jaichander Chehayeb, Karim Malek Lienhard, John H |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Chung, Hyung Won Nayar, Kishor Govind Swaminathan, Jaichander Chehayeb, Karim Malek Lienhard, John H |
| author_sort | Chung, Hyung Won |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Growing desalination capacity worldwide has made management of discharge brines an increasingly urgent environmental challenge. An important step in understanding how to choose between different brine management processes is to study the energetics of these processes. In this paper, we analyze two different ways of managing highly saline brines. The first method is complete separation with production of salts (i.e., zero-discharge desalination or ZDD). Thermodynamic limits of the ZDD process were calculated. This result was applied to the state-of-the-art industrial ZDD process to quantify how close these systems are to the thermodynamic limit, and to compare the energy consumption of the brine concentration step to the crystallization step. We conclude that the brine concentration step has more potential for improvement compared to the crystallization step. The second brine management method considered is salinity-gradient power generation through pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), which utilizes the brine's high concentration to produce useful work while reducing its concentration by mixing the brine with a lower salinity stream in a controlled manner. We model the PRO system coupled with a desalination system using a detailed numerical optimization, which resulted in about 0.42 kW h/m3 of energy saving. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T09:44:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/107713 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T09:44:18Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Elsevier B.V. |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1077132022-09-30T16:31:58Z Thermodynamic analysis of brine management methods: Zero-discharge desalination and salinity-gradient power production Chung, Hyung Won Nayar, Kishor Govind Swaminathan, Jaichander Chehayeb, Karim Malek Lienhard, John H Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Rohsenow Kendall Heat Transfer Laboratory (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Lienhard, John H Chung, Hyung Won Nayar, Kishor Govind Swaminathan, Jaichander Chehayeb, Karim Malek Lienhard, John H. Growing desalination capacity worldwide has made management of discharge brines an increasingly urgent environmental challenge. An important step in understanding how to choose between different brine management processes is to study the energetics of these processes. In this paper, we analyze two different ways of managing highly saline brines. The first method is complete separation with production of salts (i.e., zero-discharge desalination or ZDD). Thermodynamic limits of the ZDD process were calculated. This result was applied to the state-of-the-art industrial ZDD process to quantify how close these systems are to the thermodynamic limit, and to compare the energy consumption of the brine concentration step to the crystallization step. We conclude that the brine concentration step has more potential for improvement compared to the crystallization step. The second brine management method considered is salinity-gradient power generation through pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), which utilizes the brine's high concentration to produce useful work while reducing its concentration by mixing the brine with a lower salinity stream in a controlled manner. We model the PRO system coupled with a desalination system using a detailed numerical optimization, which resulted in about 0.42 kW h/m3 of energy saving. Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS) (Project No. P31475EC01) 2017-03-27T14:49:12Z 2017-03-27T14:49:12Z 2016-11 2016-11 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 00119164 1873-4464 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107713 Chung, Hyung Won, Kishor G. Nayar, Jaichander Swaminathan, Karim M. Chehayeb, and John H. Lienhard V. “Thermodynamic Analysis of Brine Management Methods: Zero-Discharge Desalination and Salinity-Gradient Power Production.” Desalination 404 (February 2017): 291–303. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0988-1057 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8375-2694 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-9167 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2901-0638 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.11.022 Desalination Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf Elsevier B.V. Prof. Lienhard via Angie Locknar |
| spellingShingle | Chung, Hyung Won Nayar, Kishor Govind Swaminathan, Jaichander Chehayeb, Karim Malek Lienhard, John H Thermodynamic analysis of brine management methods: Zero-discharge desalination and salinity-gradient power production |
| title | Thermodynamic analysis of brine management methods: Zero-discharge desalination and salinity-gradient power production |
| title_full | Thermodynamic analysis of brine management methods: Zero-discharge desalination and salinity-gradient power production |
| title_fullStr | Thermodynamic analysis of brine management methods: Zero-discharge desalination and salinity-gradient power production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermodynamic analysis of brine management methods: Zero-discharge desalination and salinity-gradient power production |
| title_short | Thermodynamic analysis of brine management methods: Zero-discharge desalination and salinity-gradient power production |
| title_sort | thermodynamic analysis of brine management methods zero discharge desalination and salinity gradient power production |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107713 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0988-1057 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8375-2694 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-9167 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2901-0638 |
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