The Illustris simulation: the evolving population of black holes across cosmic time

We study the properties of black holes and their host galaxies across cosmic time in the Illustris simulation. Illustris is a large-scale cosmological hydrodynamical simulation which resolves a (106.5 Mpc)³ volume with more than 12 billion resolution elements and includes state-of-the-art physical m...

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Main Authors: Sijacki, Debora, Genel, Shy, Springel, Volker, Snyder, Gregory F., Nelson, Dylan, Hernquist, Lars, Vogelsberger, Mark, Torrey, Paul A.
Other Authors: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics
Format: Article
Language:en_US
Published: Oxford University Press 2017
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108501
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8593-7692
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5653-0786
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author Sijacki, Debora
Genel, Shy
Springel, Volker
Snyder, Gregory F.
Nelson, Dylan
Hernquist, Lars
Vogelsberger, Mark
Torrey, Paul A.
author2 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics
author_facet Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics
Sijacki, Debora
Genel, Shy
Springel, Volker
Snyder, Gregory F.
Nelson, Dylan
Hernquist, Lars
Vogelsberger, Mark
Torrey, Paul A.
author_sort Sijacki, Debora
collection MIT
description We study the properties of black holes and their host galaxies across cosmic time in the Illustris simulation. Illustris is a large-scale cosmological hydrodynamical simulation which resolves a (106.5 Mpc)³ volume with more than 12 billion resolution elements and includes state-of-the-art physical models relevant for galaxy formation. We find that the black hole mass density for redshifts z = 0–5 and the black hole mass function at z = 0 predicted by Illustris are in very good agreement with the most recent observational constraints. We show that the bolometric and hard X-ray luminosity functions of active galactic nuclei (AGN) at z = 0 and 1 reproduce observational data very well over the full dynamic range probed. Unless the bolometric corrections are largely underestimated, this requires radiative efficiencies to be on average low, ϵr ≲ 0.1, noting however that in our model radiative efficiencies are degenerate with black hole feedback efficiencies. Cosmic downsizing of the AGN population is in broad agreement with the findings from X-ray surveys, but we predict a larger number density of faint AGN at high redshifts than currently inferred. We also study black hole–host galaxy scaling relations as a function of galaxy morphology, colour and specific star formation rate. We find that black holes and galaxies co-evolve at the massive end, but for low mass, blue and star-forming galaxies there is no tight relation with either their central black hole masses or the nuclear AGN activity.
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spelling mit-1721.1/1085012022-09-29T12:31:37Z The Illustris simulation: the evolving population of black holes across cosmic time Sijacki, Debora Genel, Shy Springel, Volker Snyder, Gregory F. Nelson, Dylan Hernquist, Lars Vogelsberger, Mark Torrey, Paul A. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Vogelsberger, Mark Torrey, Paul A. We study the properties of black holes and their host galaxies across cosmic time in the Illustris simulation. Illustris is a large-scale cosmological hydrodynamical simulation which resolves a (106.5 Mpc)³ volume with more than 12 billion resolution elements and includes state-of-the-art physical models relevant for galaxy formation. We find that the black hole mass density for redshifts z = 0–5 and the black hole mass function at z = 0 predicted by Illustris are in very good agreement with the most recent observational constraints. We show that the bolometric and hard X-ray luminosity functions of active galactic nuclei (AGN) at z = 0 and 1 reproduce observational data very well over the full dynamic range probed. Unless the bolometric corrections are largely underestimated, this requires radiative efficiencies to be on average low, ϵr ≲ 0.1, noting however that in our model radiative efficiencies are degenerate with black hole feedback efficiencies. Cosmic downsizing of the AGN population is in broad agreement with the findings from X-ray surveys, but we predict a larger number density of faint AGN at high redshifts than currently inferred. We also study black hole–host galaxy scaling relations as a function of galaxy morphology, colour and specific star formation rate. We find that black holes and galaxies co-evolve at the massive end, but for low mass, blue and star-forming galaxies there is no tight relation with either their central black hole masses or the nuclear AGN activity. 2017-04-28T18:12:44Z 2017-04-28T18:12:44Z 2015-07 2015-06 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0035-8711 1365-2966 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108501 Sijacki, Debora; Vogelsberger, Mark; Genel, Shy; Springel, Volker; Torrey, Paul; Snyder, Gregory F.; Nelson, Dylan and Hernquist, Lars. “The Illustris Simulation: The Evolving Population of Black Holes Across Cosmic Time.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 452, no. 1 (July 6, 2015): 575–596. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8593-7692 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5653-0786 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1340 Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf Oxford University Press arXiv
spellingShingle Sijacki, Debora
Genel, Shy
Springel, Volker
Snyder, Gregory F.
Nelson, Dylan
Hernquist, Lars
Vogelsberger, Mark
Torrey, Paul A.
The Illustris simulation: the evolving population of black holes across cosmic time
title The Illustris simulation: the evolving population of black holes across cosmic time
title_full The Illustris simulation: the evolving population of black holes across cosmic time
title_fullStr The Illustris simulation: the evolving population of black holes across cosmic time
title_full_unstemmed The Illustris simulation: the evolving population of black holes across cosmic time
title_short The Illustris simulation: the evolving population of black holes across cosmic time
title_sort illustris simulation the evolving population of black holes across cosmic time
url http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108501
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8593-7692
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5653-0786
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