High-Responsivity Mid-Infrared Graphene Detectors with Antenna-Enhanced Photocarrier Generation and Collection
Graphene is an attractive photoconductive material for optical detection due to its broad absorption spectrum and ultrashort response time. However, it remains a great challenge to achieve high responsivity in graphene detectors because of graphene’s weak optical absorption (only 2.3% in the monolay...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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American Chemical Society (ACS)
2017
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111111 |
| _version_ | 1811089577612410880 |
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| author | Yao, Yu Shankar, Raji Rauter, Patrick Song, Yi Kong, Jing Loncar, Marko Capasso, Federico |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Yao, Yu Shankar, Raji Rauter, Patrick Song, Yi Kong, Jing Loncar, Marko Capasso, Federico |
| author_sort | Yao, Yu |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Graphene is an attractive photoconductive material for optical detection due to its broad absorption spectrum and ultrashort response time. However, it remains a great challenge to achieve high responsivity in graphene detectors because of graphene’s weak optical absorption (only 2.3% in the monolayer graphene sheet) and short photocarrier lifetime (<1 ps). Here we show that metallic antenna structures can be designed to simultaneously improve both light absorption and photocarrier collection in graphene detectors. The coupled antennas concentrate free space light into the nanoscale deep-subwavelength antenna gaps, where the graphene light interaction is greatly enhanced as a result of the ultrahigh electric field intensity inside the gap. Meanwhile, the metallic antennas are designed to serve as electrodes that collect the generated photocarriers very efficiently. We also elucidate the mechanism of photoconductive gain in the graphene detectors and demonstrate mid-infrared (mid-IR) antenna-assisted graphene detectors at room temperature with more than 200 times enhancement of responsivity (∼0.4 V/W at λ0 = 4.45 μm) compared to devices without antennas (<2 mV/W). |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T14:21:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/111111 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T14:21:25Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | American Chemical Society (ACS) |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1111112024-06-28T14:34:52Z High-Responsivity Mid-Infrared Graphene Detectors with Antenna-Enhanced Photocarrier Generation and Collection Yao, Yu Shankar, Raji Rauter, Patrick Song, Yi Kong, Jing Loncar, Marko Capasso, Federico Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Graphene is an attractive photoconductive material for optical detection due to its broad absorption spectrum and ultrashort response time. However, it remains a great challenge to achieve high responsivity in graphene detectors because of graphene’s weak optical absorption (only 2.3% in the monolayer graphene sheet) and short photocarrier lifetime (<1 ps). Here we show that metallic antenna structures can be designed to simultaneously improve both light absorption and photocarrier collection in graphene detectors. The coupled antennas concentrate free space light into the nanoscale deep-subwavelength antenna gaps, where the graphene light interaction is greatly enhanced as a result of the ultrahigh electric field intensity inside the gap. Meanwhile, the metallic antennas are designed to serve as electrodes that collect the generated photocarriers very efficiently. We also elucidate the mechanism of photoconductive gain in the graphene detectors and demonstrate mid-infrared (mid-IR) antenna-assisted graphene detectors at room temperature with more than 200 times enhancement of responsivity (∼0.4 V/W at λ0 = 4.45 μm) compared to devices without antennas (<2 mV/W). United States. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant FA9550-12-1-0289) United States. Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (Grant N66001-13-1-2007) United States. Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (Grant N66001-13-1-3005) 2017-09-01T19:13:40Z 2017-09-01T19:13:40Z 2014-06 2014-02 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1530-6984 1530-6992 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111111 Yao, Yu et al. “High-Responsivity Mid-Infrared Graphene Detectors with Antenna-Enhanced Photocarrier Generation and Collection.” Nano Letters 14, 7 (July 2014): 3749–3754 © 2014 American Chemical Society en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl500602n Nano Letters Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf American Chemical Society (ACS) Other univ. web domain |
| spellingShingle | Yao, Yu Shankar, Raji Rauter, Patrick Song, Yi Kong, Jing Loncar, Marko Capasso, Federico High-Responsivity Mid-Infrared Graphene Detectors with Antenna-Enhanced Photocarrier Generation and Collection |
| title | High-Responsivity Mid-Infrared Graphene Detectors with Antenna-Enhanced Photocarrier Generation and Collection |
| title_full | High-Responsivity Mid-Infrared Graphene Detectors with Antenna-Enhanced Photocarrier Generation and Collection |
| title_fullStr | High-Responsivity Mid-Infrared Graphene Detectors with Antenna-Enhanced Photocarrier Generation and Collection |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-Responsivity Mid-Infrared Graphene Detectors with Antenna-Enhanced Photocarrier Generation and Collection |
| title_short | High-Responsivity Mid-Infrared Graphene Detectors with Antenna-Enhanced Photocarrier Generation and Collection |
| title_sort | high responsivity mid infrared graphene detectors with antenna enhanced photocarrier generation and collection |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111111 |
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