Spatially-localized bench-top X-ray scattering reveals tissue-specific microfibril orientation in Moso bamboo
Background: Biological materials have a complex, hierarchical structure, with vital structural features present at all size scales, from the nanoscale to the macroscale. A method that can connect information at multiple length scales has great potential to reveal novel information. This article pres...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
Biomed Central Ltd
2017
|
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111996 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5041-5074 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7559-7815 |
| _version_ | 1826213801424322560 |
|---|---|
| author | Ahvenainen, Patrik Kallonen, Aki Suhonen, Heikki Svedström, Kirsi Dixon, Patrick Gerard Gibson, Lorna J. |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Ahvenainen, Patrik Kallonen, Aki Suhonen, Heikki Svedström, Kirsi Dixon, Patrick Gerard Gibson, Lorna J. |
| author_sort | Ahvenainen, Patrik |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Background: Biological materials have a complex, hierarchical structure, with vital structural features present at all size scales, from the nanoscale to the macroscale. A method that can connect information at multiple length scales has great potential to reveal novel information. This article presents one such method with an application to the bamboo culm wall. Moso (Phyllostachys edulis) bamboo is a commercially important bamboo species. At the cellular level, bamboo culm wall consists of vascular bundles embedded in a parenchyma cell tissue matrix. The microfibril angle (MFA) in the bamboo cell wall is related to its macroscopic longitudinal stiffness and strength and can be determined at the nanoscale with wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Combining WAXS with X-ray microtomography (XMT) allows tissue-specific study of the bamboo culm without invasive chemical treatment. Results: The scattering contribution of the fiber and parenchyma cells were separated with spatially-localized WAXS. The fiber component was dominated by a high degree of orientation corresponding to small MFAs (mean MFA 11°). The parenchyma component showed significantly lower degree of orientation with a maximum at larger angles (mean MFA 65°). The fiber ratio, the volume of cell wall in the fibers relative to the overall volume of cell wall, was determined by fitting the scattering intensities with these two components. The fiber ratio was also determined from the XMT data and similar fiber ratios were obtained from the two methods, one connected to the cellular level and one to the nanoscale. X-ray diffraction tomography was also done to study the differences in microfibril orientation between fibers and the parenchyma and further connect the microscale to the nanoscale. Conclusions: The spatially-localized WAXS yields biologically relevant, tissue-specific information. With the custom-made bench-top set-up presented, diffraction contrast information can be obtained from plant tissue (1) from regions-of-interest, (2) as a function of distance (line scan), or (3) with two-dimensional or three-dimensional tomography. This nanoscale information is connected to the cellular level features. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T15:54:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/111996 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T15:54:44Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Biomed Central Ltd |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1119962022-10-02T05:01:56Z Spatially-localized bench-top X-ray scattering reveals tissue-specific microfibril orientation in Moso bamboo Ahvenainen, Patrik Kallonen, Aki Suhonen, Heikki Svedström, Kirsi Dixon, Patrick Gerard Gibson, Lorna J. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Dixon, Patrick Gerard Gibson, Lorna J. Background: Biological materials have a complex, hierarchical structure, with vital structural features present at all size scales, from the nanoscale to the macroscale. A method that can connect information at multiple length scales has great potential to reveal novel information. This article presents one such method with an application to the bamboo culm wall. Moso (Phyllostachys edulis) bamboo is a commercially important bamboo species. At the cellular level, bamboo culm wall consists of vascular bundles embedded in a parenchyma cell tissue matrix. The microfibril angle (MFA) in the bamboo cell wall is related to its macroscopic longitudinal stiffness and strength and can be determined at the nanoscale with wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Combining WAXS with X-ray microtomography (XMT) allows tissue-specific study of the bamboo culm without invasive chemical treatment. Results: The scattering contribution of the fiber and parenchyma cells were separated with spatially-localized WAXS. The fiber component was dominated by a high degree of orientation corresponding to small MFAs (mean MFA 11°). The parenchyma component showed significantly lower degree of orientation with a maximum at larger angles (mean MFA 65°). The fiber ratio, the volume of cell wall in the fibers relative to the overall volume of cell wall, was determined by fitting the scattering intensities with these two components. The fiber ratio was also determined from the XMT data and similar fiber ratios were obtained from the two methods, one connected to the cellular level and one to the nanoscale. X-ray diffraction tomography was also done to study the differences in microfibril orientation between fibers and the parenchyma and further connect the microscale to the nanoscale. Conclusions: The spatially-localized WAXS yields biologically relevant, tissue-specific information. With the custom-made bench-top set-up presented, diffraction contrast information can be obtained from plant tissue (1) from regions-of-interest, (2) as a function of distance (line scan), or (3) with two-dimensional or three-dimensional tomography. This nanoscale information is connected to the cellular level features. 2017-10-30T15:00:20Z 2017-10-30T15:00:20Z 2017-01 2016-08 2017-10-06T19:23:25Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1746-4811 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111996 Ahvenainen, Patrik et al. “Spatially-Localized Bench-Top X-Ray Scattering Reveals Tissue-Specific Microfibril Orientation in Moso Bamboo.” Plant Methods 13, 1 (January 2017) © 2017 The Author(s) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5041-5074 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7559-7815 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-016-0155-1 Plant Methods Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf Biomed Central Ltd BioMedCentral |
| spellingShingle | Ahvenainen, Patrik Kallonen, Aki Suhonen, Heikki Svedström, Kirsi Dixon, Patrick Gerard Gibson, Lorna J. Spatially-localized bench-top X-ray scattering reveals tissue-specific microfibril orientation in Moso bamboo |
| title | Spatially-localized bench-top X-ray scattering reveals tissue-specific microfibril orientation in Moso bamboo |
| title_full | Spatially-localized bench-top X-ray scattering reveals tissue-specific microfibril orientation in Moso bamboo |
| title_fullStr | Spatially-localized bench-top X-ray scattering reveals tissue-specific microfibril orientation in Moso bamboo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatially-localized bench-top X-ray scattering reveals tissue-specific microfibril orientation in Moso bamboo |
| title_short | Spatially-localized bench-top X-ray scattering reveals tissue-specific microfibril orientation in Moso bamboo |
| title_sort | spatially localized bench top x ray scattering reveals tissue specific microfibril orientation in moso bamboo |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111996 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5041-5074 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7559-7815 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ahvenainenpatrik spatiallylocalizedbenchtopxrayscatteringrevealstissuespecificmicrofibrilorientationinmosobamboo AT kallonenaki spatiallylocalizedbenchtopxrayscatteringrevealstissuespecificmicrofibrilorientationinmosobamboo AT suhonenheikki spatiallylocalizedbenchtopxrayscatteringrevealstissuespecificmicrofibrilorientationinmosobamboo AT svedstromkirsi spatiallylocalizedbenchtopxrayscatteringrevealstissuespecificmicrofibrilorientationinmosobamboo AT dixonpatrickgerard spatiallylocalizedbenchtopxrayscatteringrevealstissuespecificmicrofibrilorientationinmosobamboo AT gibsonlornaj spatiallylocalizedbenchtopxrayscatteringrevealstissuespecificmicrofibrilorientationinmosobamboo |