An optimization formulation for characterization of pulsatile cortisol secretion
Cortisol is released to relay information to cells to regulate metabolism and reaction to stress and inflammation. In particular, cortisol is released in the form of pulsatile signals. This low-energy method of signaling seems to be more efficient than continuous signaling. We hypothesize that there...
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Frontiers Research Foundation
2017
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112222 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-8422 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1470-2148 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2668-7819 |
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| author | Faghih, Rose Taj Dahleh, Munther A Brown, Emery Neal |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science Faghih, Rose Taj Dahleh, Munther A Brown, Emery Neal |
| author_sort | Faghih, Rose Taj |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Cortisol is released to relay information to cells to regulate metabolism and reaction to stress and inflammation. In particular, cortisol is released in the form of pulsatile signals. This low-energy method of signaling seems to be more efficient than continuous signaling. We hypothesize that there is a controller in the anterior pituitary that leads to pulsatile release of cortisol, and propose a mathematical formulation for such controller, which leads to impulse control as opposed to continuous control. We postulate that this controller is minimizing the number of secretory events that result in cortisol secretion, which is a way of minimizing the energy required for cortisol secretion; this controller maintains the blood cortisol levels within a specific circadian range while complying with the first order dynamics underlying cortisol secretion. We use an ℓ0-norm cost function for this controller, and solve a reweighed ℓ1-norm minimization algorithm for obtaining the solution to this optimization problem. We use four examples to illustrate the performance of this approach: (i) a toy problem that achieves impulse control, (ii) two examples that achieve physiologically plausible pulsatile cortisol release, (iii) an example where the number of pulses is not within the physiologically plausible range for healthy subjects while the cortisol levels are within the desired range. This novel approach results in impulse control where the impulses and the obtained blood cortisol levels have a circadian rhythm and an ultradian rhythm that are in agreement with the known physiology of cortisol secretion. The proposed formulation is a first step in developing intermittent controllers for curing cortisol deficiency. This type of bio-inspired pulse controllers can be employed for designing non-continuous controllers in brain-machine interface design for neuroscience applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T11:29:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/112222 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T11:29:52Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Frontiers Research Foundation |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1122222022-09-27T19:57:02Z An optimization formulation for characterization of pulsatile cortisol secretion Faghih, Rose Taj Dahleh, Munther A Brown, Emery Neal Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Engineering Systems Division Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Data, Systems, and Society Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Faghih, Rose Taj Dahleh, Munther A Brown, Emery Neal Cortisol is released to relay information to cells to regulate metabolism and reaction to stress and inflammation. In particular, cortisol is released in the form of pulsatile signals. This low-energy method of signaling seems to be more efficient than continuous signaling. We hypothesize that there is a controller in the anterior pituitary that leads to pulsatile release of cortisol, and propose a mathematical formulation for such controller, which leads to impulse control as opposed to continuous control. We postulate that this controller is minimizing the number of secretory events that result in cortisol secretion, which is a way of minimizing the energy required for cortisol secretion; this controller maintains the blood cortisol levels within a specific circadian range while complying with the first order dynamics underlying cortisol secretion. We use an ℓ0-norm cost function for this controller, and solve a reweighed ℓ1-norm minimization algorithm for obtaining the solution to this optimization problem. We use four examples to illustrate the performance of this approach: (i) a toy problem that achieves impulse control, (ii) two examples that achieve physiologically plausible pulsatile cortisol release, (iii) an example where the number of pulses is not within the physiologically plausible range for healthy subjects while the cortisol levels are within the desired range. This novel approach results in impulse control where the impulses and the obtained blood cortisol levels have a circadian rhythm and an ultradian rhythm that are in agreement with the known physiology of cortisol secretion. The proposed formulation is a first step in developing intermittent controllers for curing cortisol deficiency. This type of bio-inspired pulse controllers can be employed for designing non-continuous controllers in brain-machine interface design for neuroscience applications. National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant DP1-OD003646) National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant GM104948-03) National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant 0836720) National Science Foundation (U.S.). Office of Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation (Grant EFRI-0735956) 2017-11-17T15:51:54Z 2017-11-17T15:51:54Z 2015-08 2015-03 2017-11-01T13:32:53Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1662-4548 1662-453X http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112222 Faghih, Rose T. et al. "An optimization formulation for characterization of pulsatile cortisol secretion." Frontiers in Neuroscience 9 (August 2015): 228 © 2015 Faghih, Dahleh and Brown https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-8422 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1470-2148 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2668-7819 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00228 Frontiers in Neuroscience Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf Frontiers Research Foundation Frontiers |
| spellingShingle | Faghih, Rose Taj Dahleh, Munther A Brown, Emery Neal An optimization formulation for characterization of pulsatile cortisol secretion |
| title | An optimization formulation for characterization of pulsatile cortisol secretion |
| title_full | An optimization formulation for characterization of pulsatile cortisol secretion |
| title_fullStr | An optimization formulation for characterization of pulsatile cortisol secretion |
| title_full_unstemmed | An optimization formulation for characterization of pulsatile cortisol secretion |
| title_short | An optimization formulation for characterization of pulsatile cortisol secretion |
| title_sort | optimization formulation for characterization of pulsatile cortisol secretion |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112222 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-8422 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1470-2148 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2668-7819 |
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