Optical control of mammalian endogenous transcription and epigenetic states
A theoretical underpinning of the standard model of fundamental particles and interactions is CPT invariance, which requires that the laws of physics be invariant under the combined discrete operations of charge conjugation, parity and time reversal. Antimatter, the existence of which was predicted...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Publishing Group
2017
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112726 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-1685 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2639-9879 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2782-2509 |
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| author | Church, George M. Konermann, Silvana M Brigham, Mark D Trevino, Alexandro E. Hsu, Patrick Heidenreich, Matthias Cong, Le Platt, Randall Jeffrey Scott, David Arthur Zhang, Feng |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering Church, George M. Konermann, Silvana M Brigham, Mark D Trevino, Alexandro E. Hsu, Patrick Heidenreich, Matthias Cong, Le Platt, Randall Jeffrey Scott, David Arthur Zhang, Feng |
| author_sort | Church, George M. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | A theoretical underpinning of the standard model of fundamental particles and interactions is CPT invariance, which requires that the laws of physics be invariant under the combined discrete operations of charge conjugation, parity and time reversal. Antimatter, the existence of which was predicted by Dirac, can be used to test the CPT theorem—experimental investigations involving comparisons of particles with antiparticles are numerous. Cold atoms and anti-atoms, such as hydrogen and antihydrogen, could form the basis of a new precise test, as CPT invariance implies that they must have the same spectrum. Observations of antihydrogen in small quantities and at high energies have been reported at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and at Fermilab, but these experiments were not suited to precision comparison measurements. Here we demonstrate the production of antihydrogen atoms at very low energy by mixing trapped antiprotons and positrons in a cryogenic environment. The neutral anti-atoms have been detected directly when they escape the trap and annihilate, producing a characteristic signature in an imaging particle detector. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T09:49:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/112726 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T09:49:20Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1127262022-09-30T17:03:58Z Optical control of mammalian endogenous transcription and epigenetic states Church, George M. Konermann, Silvana M Brigham, Mark D Trevino, Alexandro E. Hsu, Patrick Heidenreich, Matthias Cong, Le Platt, Randall Jeffrey Scott, David Arthur Zhang, Feng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT Konermann, Silvana M Brigham, Mark D Trevino, Alexandro E. Hsu, Patrick Heidenreich, Matthias Cong, Le Platt, Randall Jeffrey Scott, David Arthur Zhang, Feng A theoretical underpinning of the standard model of fundamental particles and interactions is CPT invariance, which requires that the laws of physics be invariant under the combined discrete operations of charge conjugation, parity and time reversal. Antimatter, the existence of which was predicted by Dirac, can be used to test the CPT theorem—experimental investigations involving comparisons of particles with antiparticles are numerous. Cold atoms and anti-atoms, such as hydrogen and antihydrogen, could form the basis of a new precise test, as CPT invariance implies that they must have the same spectrum. Observations of antihydrogen in small quantities and at high energies have been reported at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and at Fermilab, but these experiments were not suited to precision comparison measurements. Here we demonstrate the production of antihydrogen atoms at very low energy by mixing trapped antiprotons and positrons in a cryogenic environment. The neutral anti-atoms have been detected directly when they escape the trap and annihilate, producing a characteristic signature in an imaging particle detector. 2017-12-13T14:54:25Z 2017-12-13T14:54:25Z 2002-09 2002-08 2017-12-12T18:40:55Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0028-0836 1476-4687 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112726 Konermann, Silvana et al. "Optical control of mammalian endogenous transcription and epigenetic states." Nature 419 (October 2002): 456-459 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-1685 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2639-9879 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2782-2509 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038 Nature Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf Nature Publishing Group PMC |
| spellingShingle | Church, George M. Konermann, Silvana M Brigham, Mark D Trevino, Alexandro E. Hsu, Patrick Heidenreich, Matthias Cong, Le Platt, Randall Jeffrey Scott, David Arthur Zhang, Feng Optical control of mammalian endogenous transcription and epigenetic states |
| title | Optical control of mammalian endogenous transcription and epigenetic states |
| title_full | Optical control of mammalian endogenous transcription and epigenetic states |
| title_fullStr | Optical control of mammalian endogenous transcription and epigenetic states |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optical control of mammalian endogenous transcription and epigenetic states |
| title_short | Optical control of mammalian endogenous transcription and epigenetic states |
| title_sort | optical control of mammalian endogenous transcription and epigenetic states |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112726 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-1685 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2639-9879 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2782-2509 |
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