Mesoscale evolution of non-graphitizing pyrolytic carbon in aligned carbon nanotube carbon matrix nanocomposites
Polymer-derived pyrolytic carbons (PyCs) are highly desirable building blocks for high-strength low-density ceramic meta-materials, and reinforcement with nanofibers is of interest to address brittleness and tailor multi-functional properties. The properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them lead...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer-Verlag
2018
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115056 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6304-6992 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-7315 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-3327 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3530-5819 |
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| author | Kaiser, Ashley Louise Stein, Itai Y Chichester-Constable, Alexander Acauan, Luiz Henrique H Wardle, Brian L |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Kaiser, Ashley Louise Stein, Itai Y Chichester-Constable, Alexander Acauan, Luiz Henrique H Wardle, Brian L |
| author_sort | Kaiser, Ashley Louise |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Polymer-derived pyrolytic carbons (PyCs) are highly desirable building blocks for high-strength low-density ceramic meta-materials, and reinforcement with nanofibers is of interest to address brittleness and tailor multi-functional properties. The properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them leading candidates for nanocomposite reinforcement, but how CNT confinement influences the structural evolution of the PyC matrix is unknown. Here, the influence of aligned CNT proximity interactions on nano- and mesoscale structural evolution of phenol-formaldehyde-derived PyCs is established as a function of pyrolysis temperature (Tₚ) using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Aligned CNT PyC matrix nanocomposites are found to evolve faster at the mesoscale by plateauing in crystallite size at Tₚ ∼ 800°C, which is more than 200°C below that of unconfined PyCs. Since the aligned CNTs used here exhibit ∼ 80 nm average separations and ∼ 8 nm diameters, confinement effects are surprisingly not found to influence PyC structure on the atomic-scale at Tₚ ≤ 1400°C. Since CNT confinement could lead to anisotropic crystallite growth in PyCs synthesized below ∼ 1000°C, and recent modeling indicates that more slender crystallites increase PyC hardness, these results inform fabrication of PyC-based meta-materials with unrivaled specific mechanical properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T11:45:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/115056 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T11:45:19Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1150562022-09-27T21:42:38Z Mesoscale evolution of non-graphitizing pyrolytic carbon in aligned carbon nanotube carbon matrix nanocomposites Kaiser, Ashley Louise Stein, Itai Y Chichester-Constable, Alexander Acauan, Luiz Henrique H Wardle, Brian L Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Kaiser, Ashley Louise Stein, Itai Y Chichester-Constable, Alexander Acauan, Luiz Henrique H Wardle, Brian L Polymer-derived pyrolytic carbons (PyCs) are highly desirable building blocks for high-strength low-density ceramic meta-materials, and reinforcement with nanofibers is of interest to address brittleness and tailor multi-functional properties. The properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them leading candidates for nanocomposite reinforcement, but how CNT confinement influences the structural evolution of the PyC matrix is unknown. Here, the influence of aligned CNT proximity interactions on nano- and mesoscale structural evolution of phenol-formaldehyde-derived PyCs is established as a function of pyrolysis temperature (Tₚ) using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Aligned CNT PyC matrix nanocomposites are found to evolve faster at the mesoscale by plateauing in crystallite size at Tₚ ∼ 800°C, which is more than 200°C below that of unconfined PyCs. Since the aligned CNTs used here exhibit ∼ 80 nm average separations and ∼ 8 nm diameters, confinement effects are surprisingly not found to influence PyC structure on the atomic-scale at Tₚ ≤ 1400°C. Since CNT confinement could lead to anisotropic crystallite growth in PyCs synthesized below ∼ 1000°C, and recent modeling indicates that more slender crystallites increase PyC hardness, these results inform fabrication of PyC-based meta-materials with unrivaled specific mechanical properties. National Science Foundation (U.S.). Research Experience for Undergraduates (Program) (grant number DMR-08-19762) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Materials Processing Center United States. Department of Defense (National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) Program) Airbus Group Boeing Company Embraer Lockheed Martin Saab (Firm) ANSYS, Inc. Hexcel (Firm) Toho Tenax Co., Ltd. (MIT’s Nano-Engineered Composite aerospace STructures (NECST) Consortium) 2018-04-27T18:55:44Z 2018-06-03T05:00:09Z 2017-08 2017-06 2017-09-26T04:29:33Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0022-2461 1573-4803 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115056 Stein, Itai Y., Ashley L. Kaiser, Alexander J. Constable, Luiz Acauan, and Brian L. Wardle. “Mesoscale Evolution of Non-Graphitizing Pyrolytic Carbon in Aligned Carbon Nanotube Carbon Matrix Nanocomposites.” Journal of Materials Science 52, no. 24 (August 22, 2017): 13799–13811. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6304-6992 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-7315 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-3327 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3530-5819 en http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1468-9 Journal of Materials Science Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Springer Science+Business Media, LLC application/pdf Springer-Verlag Springer US |
| spellingShingle | Kaiser, Ashley Louise Stein, Itai Y Chichester-Constable, Alexander Acauan, Luiz Henrique H Wardle, Brian L Mesoscale evolution of non-graphitizing pyrolytic carbon in aligned carbon nanotube carbon matrix nanocomposites |
| title | Mesoscale evolution of non-graphitizing pyrolytic carbon in aligned carbon nanotube carbon matrix nanocomposites |
| title_full | Mesoscale evolution of non-graphitizing pyrolytic carbon in aligned carbon nanotube carbon matrix nanocomposites |
| title_fullStr | Mesoscale evolution of non-graphitizing pyrolytic carbon in aligned carbon nanotube carbon matrix nanocomposites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mesoscale evolution of non-graphitizing pyrolytic carbon in aligned carbon nanotube carbon matrix nanocomposites |
| title_short | Mesoscale evolution of non-graphitizing pyrolytic carbon in aligned carbon nanotube carbon matrix nanocomposites |
| title_sort | mesoscale evolution of non graphitizing pyrolytic carbon in aligned carbon nanotube carbon matrix nanocomposites |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115056 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6304-6992 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-7315 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-3327 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3530-5819 |
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