Measuring and Reporting Electrical Conductivity in Metal–Organic Frameworks: Cd
Electrically conductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as a subclass of porous materials that can have a transformative effect on electronic and renewable energy devices. Systematic advances in these materials depend critically on the accurate and reproducible characterization of their...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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American Chemical Society (ACS)
2018
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115124 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7837-8412 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5239-9151 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1262-1264 |
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| author | Sun, Lei Park, Sarah Sunah Sheberla, Dennis Dinca, Mircea |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry Sun, Lei Park, Sarah Sunah Sheberla, Dennis Dinca, Mircea |
| author_sort | Sun, Lei |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Electrically conductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as a subclass of porous materials that can have a transformative effect on electronic and renewable energy devices. Systematic advances in these materials depend critically on the accurate and reproducible characterization of their electrical properties. This is made difficult by the numerous techniques available for electrical measurements and the dependence of metrics on device architecture and numerous external variables. These challenges, common to all types of electronic materials and devices, are especially acute for porous materials, whose high surface area make them even more susceptible to interactions with contaminants in the environment. Here, we use the anisotropic semiconducting framework Cd₂(TTFTB) (TTFTB⁴⁻ = tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoate) to benchmark several common methods available for measuring electrical properties in MOFs. We show that factors such as temperature, chemical environment (atmosphere), and illumination conditions affect the quality of the data obtained from these techniques. Consistent results emerge only when these factors are strictly controlled and the morphology and anisotropy of the Cd2(TTFTB) single-crystal devices are taken into account. Most importantly, we show that depending on the technique, device construction, and/or the environment, a variance of 1 or even 2 orders of magnitude is not uncommon for even just one material if external factors are not controlled consistently. Differences in conductivity values of even 2 orders of magnitude should therefore be interpreted with caution, especially between different research groups comparing different compounds. These results allow us to propose a reliable protocol for collecting and reporting electrical properties of MOFs, which should help improve the consistency and comparability of reported electrical properties for this important new class of crystalline porous conductors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T12:30:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/115124 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T12:30:18Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | American Chemical Society (ACS) |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1151242022-10-01T09:25:43Z Measuring and Reporting Electrical Conductivity in Metal–Organic Frameworks: Cd Sun, Lei Park, Sarah Sunah Sheberla, Dennis Dinca, Mircea Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry Dinca, Mircea Sun, Lei Park, Sarah Sunah Sheberla, Dennis Dinca, Mircea Electrically conductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as a subclass of porous materials that can have a transformative effect on electronic and renewable energy devices. Systematic advances in these materials depend critically on the accurate and reproducible characterization of their electrical properties. This is made difficult by the numerous techniques available for electrical measurements and the dependence of metrics on device architecture and numerous external variables. These challenges, common to all types of electronic materials and devices, are especially acute for porous materials, whose high surface area make them even more susceptible to interactions with contaminants in the environment. Here, we use the anisotropic semiconducting framework Cd₂(TTFTB) (TTFTB⁴⁻ = tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoate) to benchmark several common methods available for measuring electrical properties in MOFs. We show that factors such as temperature, chemical environment (atmosphere), and illumination conditions affect the quality of the data obtained from these techniques. Consistent results emerge only when these factors are strictly controlled and the morphology and anisotropy of the Cd2(TTFTB) single-crystal devices are taken into account. Most importantly, we show that depending on the technique, device construction, and/or the environment, a variance of 1 or even 2 orders of magnitude is not uncommon for even just one material if external factors are not controlled consistently. Differences in conductivity values of even 2 orders of magnitude should therefore be interpreted with caution, especially between different research groups comparing different compounds. These results allow us to propose a reliable protocol for collecting and reporting electrical properties of MOFs, which should help improve the consistency and comparability of reported electrical properties for this important new class of crystalline porous conductors. United States. Department of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Award DE-SC0006937) National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Award 1122374) 2018-05-01T14:38:02Z 2018-05-01T14:38:02Z 2016-11 2016-09 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0002-7863 1520-5126 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115124 Sun, Lei et al. “Measuring and Reporting Electrical Conductivity in Metal–Organic Frameworks: Cd2(TTFTB) as a Case Study.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 138, 44 (November 2016): 14772–14782 © 2016 American Chemical Society https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7837-8412 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5239-9151 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1262-1264 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b09345 Journal of the American Chemical Society Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf American Chemical Society (ACS) Prof. Dinca via Erja Kajosalo |
| spellingShingle | Sun, Lei Park, Sarah Sunah Sheberla, Dennis Dinca, Mircea Measuring and Reporting Electrical Conductivity in Metal–Organic Frameworks: Cd |
| title | Measuring and Reporting Electrical Conductivity in Metal–Organic Frameworks: Cd |
| title_full | Measuring and Reporting Electrical Conductivity in Metal–Organic Frameworks: Cd |
| title_fullStr | Measuring and Reporting Electrical Conductivity in Metal–Organic Frameworks: Cd |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measuring and Reporting Electrical Conductivity in Metal–Organic Frameworks: Cd |
| title_short | Measuring and Reporting Electrical Conductivity in Metal–Organic Frameworks: Cd |
| title_sort | measuring and reporting electrical conductivity in metal organic frameworks cd |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115124 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7837-8412 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5239-9151 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1262-1264 |
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