Quantifying the Drivers of Ocean-Atmosphere CO₂ Fluxes
A mechanistic framework for quantitatively mapping the regional drivers of air-sea CO₂ fluxes at a global scale is developed. The framework evaluates the interplay between (1) surface heat and freshwater fluxes that influence the potential saturated carbon concentration, which depends on changes in...
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| Format: | Article |
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American Geophysical Union (AGU)
2018
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118376 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2993-7484 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3102-0341 |
| _version_ | 1826206021793611776 |
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| author | Williams, Richard G. Lauderdale, Jonathan Dutkiewicz, Stephanie Follows, Michael J |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Williams, Richard G. Lauderdale, Jonathan Dutkiewicz, Stephanie Follows, Michael J |
| author_sort | Williams, Richard G. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | A mechanistic framework for quantitatively mapping the regional drivers of air-sea CO₂ fluxes at a global scale is developed. The framework evaluates the interplay between (1) surface heat and freshwater fluxes that influence the potential saturated carbon concentration, which depends on changes in sea surface temperature, salinity and alkalinity, (2) a residual, disequilibrium flux influenced by upwelling and entrainment of remineralized carbon- and nutrient-rich waters from the ocean interior, as well as rapid subduction of surface waters, (3) carbon uptake and export by biological activity as both soft tissue and carbonate, and (4) the effect on surface carbon concentrations due to freshwater precipitation or evaporation. In a steady state simulation of a coarse-resolution ocean circulation and biogeochemistry model, the sum of the individually determined components is close to the known total flux of the simulation. The leading order balance, identified in different dynamical regimes, is between the CO₂ fluxes driven by surface heat fluxes and a combination of biologically driven carbon uptake and disequilibrium-driven carbon outgassing. The framework is still able to reconstruct simulated fluxes when evaluated using monthly averaged data and takes a form that can be applied consistently in models of different complexity and observations of the ocean. In this way, the framework may reveal differences in the balance of drivers acting across an ensemble of climate model simulations or be applied to an analysis and interpretation of the observed, real-world air-sea flux of CO₂. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:22:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/118376 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:22:45Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1183762022-09-28T13:46:55Z Quantifying the Drivers of Ocean-Atmosphere CO₂ Fluxes Williams, Richard G. Lauderdale, Jonathan Dutkiewicz, Stephanie Follows, Michael J Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Lauderdale, Jonathan Dutkiewicz, Stephanie Follows, Michael J A mechanistic framework for quantitatively mapping the regional drivers of air-sea CO₂ fluxes at a global scale is developed. The framework evaluates the interplay between (1) surface heat and freshwater fluxes that influence the potential saturated carbon concentration, which depends on changes in sea surface temperature, salinity and alkalinity, (2) a residual, disequilibrium flux influenced by upwelling and entrainment of remineralized carbon- and nutrient-rich waters from the ocean interior, as well as rapid subduction of surface waters, (3) carbon uptake and export by biological activity as both soft tissue and carbonate, and (4) the effect on surface carbon concentrations due to freshwater precipitation or evaporation. In a steady state simulation of a coarse-resolution ocean circulation and biogeochemistry model, the sum of the individually determined components is close to the known total flux of the simulation. The leading order balance, identified in different dynamical regimes, is between the CO₂ fluxes driven by surface heat fluxes and a combination of biologically driven carbon uptake and disequilibrium-driven carbon outgassing. The framework is still able to reconstruct simulated fluxes when evaluated using monthly averaged data and takes a form that can be applied consistently in models of different complexity and observations of the ocean. In this way, the framework may reveal differences in the balance of drivers acting across an ensemble of climate model simulations or be applied to an analysis and interpretation of the observed, real-world air-sea flux of CO₂. National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant OCE-1259388) 2018-10-05T17:32:21Z 2018-10-05T17:32:21Z 2016-07 2016-02 2018-09-24T17:31:53Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0886-6236 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118376 Lauderdale, Jonathan M. et al. “Quantifying the Drivers of Ocean-Atmosphere CO₂ Fluxes.” Global Biogeochemical Cycles 30, 7 (July 2016): 983–999 © 2016 The Authors https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2993-7484 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3102-0341 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005400 Global Biogeochemical Cycles Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf American Geophysical Union (AGU) Wiley |
| spellingShingle | Williams, Richard G. Lauderdale, Jonathan Dutkiewicz, Stephanie Follows, Michael J Quantifying the Drivers of Ocean-Atmosphere CO₂ Fluxes |
| title | Quantifying the Drivers of Ocean-Atmosphere CO₂ Fluxes |
| title_full | Quantifying the Drivers of Ocean-Atmosphere CO₂ Fluxes |
| title_fullStr | Quantifying the Drivers of Ocean-Atmosphere CO₂ Fluxes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantifying the Drivers of Ocean-Atmosphere CO₂ Fluxes |
| title_short | Quantifying the Drivers of Ocean-Atmosphere CO₂ Fluxes |
| title_sort | quantifying the drivers of ocean atmosphere co₂ fluxes |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118376 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2993-7484 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3102-0341 |
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