Micrometer-scale magnetic imaging of geological samples using a quantum diamond microscope
Remanent magnetization in geological samples may record the past intensity and direction of planetary magnetic fields. Traditionally, this magnetization is analyzed through measurements of the net magnetic moment of bulk millimeter to centimeter sized samples. However, geological samples are often m...
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| Format: | Article |
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American Geophysical Union (AGU)
2018
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118918 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3635-2676 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3113-3415 |
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| author | Glenn, D. R. Kehayias, P. Walsworth, R. L. Fu, Roger Rennan Le Sage, David A Lima, E. A. Weiss, Benjamin P. |
| author2 | Lincoln Laboratory |
| author_facet | Lincoln Laboratory Glenn, D. R. Kehayias, P. Walsworth, R. L. Fu, Roger Rennan Le Sage, David A Lima, E. A. Weiss, Benjamin P. |
| author_sort | Glenn, D. R. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Remanent magnetization in geological samples may record the past intensity and direction of planetary magnetic fields. Traditionally, this magnetization is analyzed through measurements of the net magnetic moment of bulk millimeter to centimeter sized samples. However, geological samples are often mineralogically and texturally heterogeneous at submillimeter scales, with only a fraction of the ferromagnetic grains carrying the remanent magnetization of interest. Therefore, characterizing this magnetization in such cases requires a technique capable of imaging magnetic fields at fine spatial scales and with high sensitivity. To address this challenge, we developed a new instrument, based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, which enables direct imaging of magnetic fields due to both remanent and induced magnetization, as well as optical imaging, of room-temperature geological samples with spatial resolution approaching the optical diffraction limit. We describe the operating principles of this device, which we call the quantum diamond microscope (QDM), and report its optimized image-area-normalized magnetic field sensitivity (20 µT⋅µm/Hz1/2), spatial resolution (5 µm), and field of view (4 mm), as well as trade-offs between these parameters. We also perform an absolute magnetic field calibration for the device in different modes of operation, including three-axis (vector) and single-axis (projective) magnetic field imaging. Finally, we use the QDM to obtain magnetic images of several terrestrial and meteoritic rock samples, demonstrating its ability to resolve spatially distinct populations of ferromagnetic carriers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:16:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/118918 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:16:18Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1189182024-05-15T04:15:48Z Micrometer-scale magnetic imaging of geological samples using a quantum diamond microscope Glenn, D. R. Kehayias, P. Walsworth, R. L. Fu, Roger Rennan Le Sage, David A Lima, E. A. Weiss, Benjamin P. Lincoln Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Fu, Roger Rennan Le Sage, David A Lima, E. A. Weiss, Benjamin P Remanent magnetization in geological samples may record the past intensity and direction of planetary magnetic fields. Traditionally, this magnetization is analyzed through measurements of the net magnetic moment of bulk millimeter to centimeter sized samples. However, geological samples are often mineralogically and texturally heterogeneous at submillimeter scales, with only a fraction of the ferromagnetic grains carrying the remanent magnetization of interest. Therefore, characterizing this magnetization in such cases requires a technique capable of imaging magnetic fields at fine spatial scales and with high sensitivity. To address this challenge, we developed a new instrument, based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, which enables direct imaging of magnetic fields due to both remanent and induced magnetization, as well as optical imaging, of room-temperature geological samples with spatial resolution approaching the optical diffraction limit. We describe the operating principles of this device, which we call the quantum diamond microscope (QDM), and report its optimized image-area-normalized magnetic field sensitivity (20 µT⋅µm/Hz1/2), spatial resolution (5 µm), and field of view (4 mm), as well as trade-offs between these parameters. We also perform an absolute magnetic field calibration for the device in different modes of operation, including three-axis (vector) and single-axis (projective) magnetic field imaging. Finally, we use the QDM to obtain magnetic images of several terrestrial and meteoritic rock samples, demonstrating its ability to resolve spatially distinct populations of ferromagnetic carriers. United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Planetary Major Equipment Program (NNX15AH72G) United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Emerging Worlds Program National Science Foundation (U.S.). Integrated Support Promoting Interdisciplinary Research and Education (INSPIRE) Program (grant EAR 1647504) National Science Foundation (U.S.). Electronics, Photonics and Magnetic Devices Program (grant 1408075) United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Quantum Assisted Sensing And Readout Program (contract HR0011‐11‐C‐0073) Thomas F. Peterson Jr. (generous gift) 2018-11-06T16:25:28Z 2018-11-06T16:25:28Z 2017-08 2018-10-04T16:38:29Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 15252027 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118918 Glenn, D. R., R. R. Fu, P. Kehayias, D. Le Sage, E. A. Lima, B. P. Weiss, and R. L. Walsworth. “Micrometer-Scale Magnetic Imaging of Geological Samples Using a Quantum Diamond Microscope.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 18, no. 8 (August 2017): 3254–3267. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3635-2676 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3113-3415 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017GC006946 Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf American Geophysical Union (AGU) arXiv |
| spellingShingle | Glenn, D. R. Kehayias, P. Walsworth, R. L. Fu, Roger Rennan Le Sage, David A Lima, E. A. Weiss, Benjamin P. Micrometer-scale magnetic imaging of geological samples using a quantum diamond microscope |
| title | Micrometer-scale magnetic imaging of geological samples using a quantum diamond microscope |
| title_full | Micrometer-scale magnetic imaging of geological samples using a quantum diamond microscope |
| title_fullStr | Micrometer-scale magnetic imaging of geological samples using a quantum diamond microscope |
| title_full_unstemmed | Micrometer-scale magnetic imaging of geological samples using a quantum diamond microscope |
| title_short | Micrometer-scale magnetic imaging of geological samples using a quantum diamond microscope |
| title_sort | micrometer scale magnetic imaging of geological samples using a quantum diamond microscope |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118918 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3635-2676 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3113-3415 |
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