First HAWC observations of the Sun constrain steady TeV gamma-ray emission
Steady gamma-ray emission up to at least 200 GeV has been detected from the solar disk in the Fermi-LAT data, with the brightest, hardest emission occurring during solar minimum. The likely cause is hadronic cosmic rays undergoing collisions in the Sun’s atmosphere after being redirected from ingoin...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Physical Society
2019
|
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120071 |
| _version_ | 1826191757494190080 |
|---|---|
| author | Albert, A. Alfaro, R. Alvarez, C. Arceo, R. Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C. Avila Rojas, D. Ayala Solares, H. A. Belmont-Moreno, E. BenZvi, S. Y. Brisbois, C. Caballero-Mora, K. S. Capistrán, T. Carramiñana, A. Casanova, S. Castillo, M. Cotzomi, J. Coutiño de León, S. De León, C. De la Fuente, E. Dichiara, S. Dingus, B. L. DuVernois, M. A. Díaz-Vélez, J. C. Engel, K. Enríquez-Rivera, O. Espinoza, C. Fleischhack, H. Fraija, N. García-González, J. A. Garfias, F. González, M. M. Goodman, J. A. Hampel-Arias, Z. Harding, J. P. Hernandez, S. Hona, B. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F. Hüntemeyer, P. Iriarte, A. Jardin-Blicq, A. Joshi, V. Kaufmann, S. León Vargas, H. Luis-Raya, G. Lundeen, J. López-Coto, R. Malone, K. Marinelli, S. S. Martinez, O. Martinez-Castellanos, I. Martínez-Castro, J. Miranda-Romagnoli, P. Moreno, E. Mostafá, M. Nayerhoda, A. Nellen, L. Newbold, M. Nisa, M. U. Noriega-Papaqui, R. Pretz, J. Pérez-Pérez, E. G. Ren, Z. Rho, C. D. Rivière, C. Rosa-González, D. Rosenberg, M. Ruiz-Velasco, E. Salazar, H. Salesa Greus, F. Sandoval, A. Schneider, M. Schoorlemmer, H. Seglar Arroyo, M. Sinnis, G. Smith, A. J. Springer, R. W. Surajbali, P. Taboada, I. Tibolla, O. Tollefson, K. Torres, I. Villaseñor, L. Weisgarber, T. Westerhoff, S. Wisher, I. G. Wood, J. Yapici, T. Zepeda, A. Zhou, H. Álvarez, J. D. Beacom, J. F. Linden, T. Ng, K. C. Y. Peter, A. H. G. Zhou, B. Leane, Rebecca K |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science Albert, A. Alfaro, R. Alvarez, C. Arceo, R. Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C. Avila Rojas, D. Ayala Solares, H. A. Belmont-Moreno, E. BenZvi, S. Y. Brisbois, C. Caballero-Mora, K. S. Capistrán, T. Carramiñana, A. Casanova, S. Castillo, M. Cotzomi, J. Coutiño de León, S. De León, C. De la Fuente, E. Dichiara, S. Dingus, B. L. DuVernois, M. A. Díaz-Vélez, J. C. Engel, K. Enríquez-Rivera, O. Espinoza, C. Fleischhack, H. Fraija, N. García-González, J. A. Garfias, F. González, M. M. Goodman, J. A. Hampel-Arias, Z. Harding, J. P. Hernandez, S. Hona, B. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F. Hüntemeyer, P. Iriarte, A. Jardin-Blicq, A. Joshi, V. Kaufmann, S. León Vargas, H. Luis-Raya, G. Lundeen, J. López-Coto, R. Malone, K. Marinelli, S. S. Martinez, O. Martinez-Castellanos, I. Martínez-Castro, J. Miranda-Romagnoli, P. Moreno, E. Mostafá, M. Nayerhoda, A. Nellen, L. Newbold, M. Nisa, M. U. Noriega-Papaqui, R. Pretz, J. Pérez-Pérez, E. G. Ren, Z. Rho, C. D. Rivière, C. Rosa-González, D. Rosenberg, M. Ruiz-Velasco, E. Salazar, H. Salesa Greus, F. Sandoval, A. Schneider, M. Schoorlemmer, H. Seglar Arroyo, M. Sinnis, G. Smith, A. J. Springer, R. W. Surajbali, P. Taboada, I. Tibolla, O. Tollefson, K. Torres, I. Villaseñor, L. Weisgarber, T. Westerhoff, S. Wisher, I. G. Wood, J. Yapici, T. Zepeda, A. Zhou, H. Álvarez, J. D. Beacom, J. F. Linden, T. Ng, K. C. Y. Peter, A. H. G. Zhou, B. Leane, Rebecca K |
| author_sort | Albert, A. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Steady gamma-ray emission up to at least 200 GeV has been detected from the solar disk in the Fermi-LAT data, with the brightest, hardest emission occurring during solar minimum. The likely cause is hadronic cosmic rays undergoing collisions in the Sun’s atmosphere after being redirected from ingoing to outgoing in magnetic fields, though the exact mechanism is not understood. An important new test of the gamma-ray production mechanism will follow from observations at higher energies. Only the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory has the required sensitivity to effectively probe the Sun in the TeV range. Using 3 years of HAWC data from November 2014 to December 2017, just prior to the solar minimum, we search for 1–100 TeV gamma rays from the solar disk. No evidence of a signal is observed, and we set strong upper limits on the flux at a few 10[superscript -12] TeV[superscript -1] cm[superscript -2] s[superscript -1] at 1 TeV. Our limit, which is the most constraining result on TeV gamma rays from the Sun, is ∼10% of the theoretical maximum flux (based on a model where all incoming cosmic rays produce outgoing photons), which in turn is comparable to the Fermi-LAT data near 100 GeV. The prospects for a first TeV detection of the Sun by HAWC are especially high during the solar minimum, which began in early 2018. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T09:00:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/120071 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T09:00:50Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | American Physical Society |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1200712022-09-30T12:50:13Z First HAWC observations of the Sun constrain steady TeV gamma-ray emission Albert, A. Alfaro, R. Alvarez, C. Arceo, R. Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C. Avila Rojas, D. Ayala Solares, H. A. Belmont-Moreno, E. BenZvi, S. Y. Brisbois, C. Caballero-Mora, K. S. Capistrán, T. Carramiñana, A. Casanova, S. Castillo, M. Cotzomi, J. Coutiño de León, S. De León, C. De la Fuente, E. Dichiara, S. Dingus, B. L. DuVernois, M. A. Díaz-Vélez, J. C. Engel, K. Enríquez-Rivera, O. Espinoza, C. Fleischhack, H. Fraija, N. García-González, J. A. Garfias, F. González, M. M. Goodman, J. A. Hampel-Arias, Z. Harding, J. P. Hernandez, S. Hona, B. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F. Hüntemeyer, P. Iriarte, A. Jardin-Blicq, A. Joshi, V. Kaufmann, S. León Vargas, H. Luis-Raya, G. Lundeen, J. López-Coto, R. Malone, K. Marinelli, S. S. Martinez, O. Martinez-Castellanos, I. Martínez-Castro, J. Miranda-Romagnoli, P. Moreno, E. Mostafá, M. Nayerhoda, A. Nellen, L. Newbold, M. Nisa, M. U. Noriega-Papaqui, R. Pretz, J. Pérez-Pérez, E. G. Ren, Z. Rho, C. D. Rivière, C. Rosa-González, D. Rosenberg, M. Ruiz-Velasco, E. Salazar, H. Salesa Greus, F. Sandoval, A. Schneider, M. Schoorlemmer, H. Seglar Arroyo, M. Sinnis, G. Smith, A. J. Springer, R. W. Surajbali, P. Taboada, I. Tibolla, O. Tollefson, K. Torres, I. Villaseñor, L. Weisgarber, T. Westerhoff, S. Wisher, I. G. Wood, J. Yapici, T. Zepeda, A. Zhou, H. Álvarez, J. D. Beacom, J. F. Linden, T. Ng, K. C. Y. Peter, A. H. G. Zhou, B. Leane, Rebecca K Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science Leane, Rebecca K Steady gamma-ray emission up to at least 200 GeV has been detected from the solar disk in the Fermi-LAT data, with the brightest, hardest emission occurring during solar minimum. The likely cause is hadronic cosmic rays undergoing collisions in the Sun’s atmosphere after being redirected from ingoing to outgoing in magnetic fields, though the exact mechanism is not understood. An important new test of the gamma-ray production mechanism will follow from observations at higher energies. Only the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory has the required sensitivity to effectively probe the Sun in the TeV range. Using 3 years of HAWC data from November 2014 to December 2017, just prior to the solar minimum, we search for 1–100 TeV gamma rays from the solar disk. No evidence of a signal is observed, and we set strong upper limits on the flux at a few 10[superscript -12] TeV[superscript -1] cm[superscript -2] s[superscript -1] at 1 TeV. Our limit, which is the most constraining result on TeV gamma rays from the Sun, is ∼10% of the theoretical maximum flux (based on a model where all incoming cosmic rays produce outgoing photons), which in turn is comparable to the Fermi-LAT data near 100 GeV. The prospects for a first TeV detection of the Sun by HAWC are especially high during the solar minimum, which began in early 2018. United States. Department of Energy. High Energy Physics Division (Grant DE-SC00012567) United States. Department of Energy. High Energy Physics Division (Grant DE-SC0013999) 2019-01-15T19:01:09Z 2019-01-15T19:01:09Z 2018-12 2018-12-17T18:00:19Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 2470-0010 2470-0029 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120071 Albert, A., et al. “First HAWC Observations of the Sun Constrain Steady TeV Gamma-Ray Emission.” Physical Review D, vol. 98, no. 12, Dec. 2018. © 2018 American Physical Society en http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.98.123011 Physical Review D Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. American Physical Society application/pdf American Physical Society American Physical Society |
| spellingShingle | Albert, A. Alfaro, R. Alvarez, C. Arceo, R. Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C. Avila Rojas, D. Ayala Solares, H. A. Belmont-Moreno, E. BenZvi, S. Y. Brisbois, C. Caballero-Mora, K. S. Capistrán, T. Carramiñana, A. Casanova, S. Castillo, M. Cotzomi, J. Coutiño de León, S. De León, C. De la Fuente, E. Dichiara, S. Dingus, B. L. DuVernois, M. A. Díaz-Vélez, J. C. Engel, K. Enríquez-Rivera, O. Espinoza, C. Fleischhack, H. Fraija, N. García-González, J. A. Garfias, F. González, M. M. Goodman, J. A. Hampel-Arias, Z. Harding, J. P. Hernandez, S. Hona, B. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F. Hüntemeyer, P. Iriarte, A. Jardin-Blicq, A. Joshi, V. Kaufmann, S. León Vargas, H. Luis-Raya, G. Lundeen, J. López-Coto, R. Malone, K. Marinelli, S. S. Martinez, O. Martinez-Castellanos, I. Martínez-Castro, J. Miranda-Romagnoli, P. Moreno, E. Mostafá, M. Nayerhoda, A. Nellen, L. Newbold, M. Nisa, M. U. Noriega-Papaqui, R. Pretz, J. Pérez-Pérez, E. G. Ren, Z. Rho, C. D. Rivière, C. Rosa-González, D. Rosenberg, M. Ruiz-Velasco, E. Salazar, H. Salesa Greus, F. Sandoval, A. Schneider, M. Schoorlemmer, H. Seglar Arroyo, M. Sinnis, G. Smith, A. J. Springer, R. W. Surajbali, P. Taboada, I. Tibolla, O. Tollefson, K. Torres, I. Villaseñor, L. Weisgarber, T. Westerhoff, S. Wisher, I. G. Wood, J. Yapici, T. Zepeda, A. Zhou, H. Álvarez, J. D. Beacom, J. F. Linden, T. Ng, K. C. Y. Peter, A. H. G. Zhou, B. Leane, Rebecca K First HAWC observations of the Sun constrain steady TeV gamma-ray emission |
| title | First HAWC observations of the Sun constrain steady TeV gamma-ray emission |
| title_full | First HAWC observations of the Sun constrain steady TeV gamma-ray emission |
| title_fullStr | First HAWC observations of the Sun constrain steady TeV gamma-ray emission |
| title_full_unstemmed | First HAWC observations of the Sun constrain steady TeV gamma-ray emission |
| title_short | First HAWC observations of the Sun constrain steady TeV gamma-ray emission |
| title_sort | first hawc observations of the sun constrain steady tev gamma ray emission |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120071 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alberta firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT alfaror firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT alvarezc firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT arceor firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT arteagavelazquezjc firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT avilarojasd firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT ayalasolaresha firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT belmontmorenoe firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT benzvisy firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT brisboisc firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT caballeromoraks firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT capistrant firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT carraminanaa firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT casanovas firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT castillom firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT cotzomij firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT coutinodeleons firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT deleonc firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT delafuentee firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT dichiaras firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT dingusbl firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT duvernoisma firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT diazvelezjc firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT engelk firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT enriquezriverao firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT espinozac firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT fleischhackh firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT fraijan firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT garciagonzalezja firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT garfiasf firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT gonzalezmm firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT goodmanja firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT hampelariasz firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT hardingjp firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT hernandezs firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT honab firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT hueyotlzahuantitlaf firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT huntemeyerp firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT iriartea firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT jardinblicqa firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT joshiv firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT kaufmanns firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT leonvargash firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT luisrayag firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT lundeenj firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT lopezcotor firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT malonek firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT marinelliss firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT martinezo firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT martinezcastellanosi firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT martinezcastroj firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT mirandaromagnolip firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT morenoe firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT mostafam firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT nayerhodaa firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT nellenl firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT newboldm firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT nisamu firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT noriegapapaquir firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT pretzj firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT perezperezeg firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT renz firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT rhocd firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT rivierec firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT rosagonzalezd firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT rosenbergm firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT ruizvelascoe firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT salazarh firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT salesagreusf firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT sandovala firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT schneiderm firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT schoorlemmerh firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT seglararroyom firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT sinnisg firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT smithaj firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT springerrw firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT surajbalip firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT taboadai firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT tibollao firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT tollefsonk firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT torresi firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT villasenorl firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT weisgarbert firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT westerhoffs firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT wisherig firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT woodj firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT yapicit firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT zepedaa firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT zhouh firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT alvarezjd firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT beacomjf firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT lindent firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT ngkcy firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT peterahg firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT zhoub firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission AT leanerebeccak firsthawcobservationsofthesunconstrainsteadytevgammarayemission |