Anisotropic mechanics and dynamics of a living mammalian cytoplasm
During physiological processes, cells can undergo morphological changes that can result in a significant redistribution of the cytoskeleton causing anisotropic behavior. Evidence of anisotropy in cells under mechanical stimuli exists; however, the role of cytoskeletal restructuring resulting from ch...
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Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
2019
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120311 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3533-3644 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-4158 |
| _version_ | 1826210091840307200 |
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| author | Gupta, Satish Kumar Li, Yiwei Guo, Ming |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Gupta, Satish Kumar Li, Yiwei Guo, Ming |
| author_sort | Gupta, Satish Kumar |
| collection | MIT |
| description | During physiological processes, cells can undergo morphological changes that can result in a significant redistribution of the cytoskeleton causing anisotropic behavior. Evidence of anisotropy in cells under mechanical stimuli exists; however, the role of cytoskeletal restructuring resulting from changes in cell shape in mechanical anisotropy and its effects remain unclear. In the present study, we examine the role of cell morphology in inducing anisotropy in both intracellular mechanics and dynamics. We change the aspect ratio of cells by confining the cell width and measuring the mechanical properties of the cytoplasm using optical tweezers in both the longitudinal and transverse directions to quantify the degree of mechanical anisotropy. These active microrheology measurements are then combined with intracellular movement to calculate the intracellular force spectrum using force spectrum microscopy (FSM), from which the degree of anisotropy in dynamics and force can be quantified. We find that unrestricted cells with aspect ratio (AR) ∼1 are isotropic; however, when cells break symmetry, they exhibit significant anisotropy in cytoplasmic mechanics and dynamics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T14:42:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/120311 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T14:42:35Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1203112022-09-29T10:11:49Z Anisotropic mechanics and dynamics of a living mammalian cytoplasm Gupta, Satish Kumar Li, Yiwei Guo, Ming Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Gupta, Satish Kumar Li, Yiwei Guo, Ming During physiological processes, cells can undergo morphological changes that can result in a significant redistribution of the cytoskeleton causing anisotropic behavior. Evidence of anisotropy in cells under mechanical stimuli exists; however, the role of cytoskeletal restructuring resulting from changes in cell shape in mechanical anisotropy and its effects remain unclear. In the present study, we examine the role of cell morphology in inducing anisotropy in both intracellular mechanics and dynamics. We change the aspect ratio of cells by confining the cell width and measuring the mechanical properties of the cytoplasm using optical tweezers in both the longitudinal and transverse directions to quantify the degree of mechanical anisotropy. These active microrheology measurements are then combined with intracellular movement to calculate the intracellular force spectrum using force spectrum microscopy (FSM), from which the degree of anisotropy in dynamics and force can be quantified. We find that unrestricted cells with aspect ratio (AR) ∼1 are isotropic; however, when cells break symmetry, they exhibit significant anisotropy in cytoplasmic mechanics and dynamics. National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (Grant 1U01CA202123) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering 2019-02-11T14:28:26Z 2019-02-11T14:28:26Z 2018-11 2018-08 2019-01-16T17:43:48Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1744-683X 1744-6848 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120311 Gupta, Satish Kumar, Yiwei Li, and Ming Guo. “Anisotropic Mechanics and Dynamics of a Living Mammalian Cytoplasm.” Soft Matter 15, no. 2 (2019): 190–199. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3533-3644 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-4158 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01708e Soft Matter Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial 3.0 unported license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ application/pdf Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) |
| spellingShingle | Gupta, Satish Kumar Li, Yiwei Guo, Ming Anisotropic mechanics and dynamics of a living mammalian cytoplasm |
| title | Anisotropic mechanics and dynamics of a living mammalian cytoplasm |
| title_full | Anisotropic mechanics and dynamics of a living mammalian cytoplasm |
| title_fullStr | Anisotropic mechanics and dynamics of a living mammalian cytoplasm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anisotropic mechanics and dynamics of a living mammalian cytoplasm |
| title_short | Anisotropic mechanics and dynamics of a living mammalian cytoplasm |
| title_sort | anisotropic mechanics and dynamics of a living mammalian cytoplasm |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120311 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3533-3644 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-4158 |
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