Patterns and statistics of in-water polarization under conditions of linear and nonlinear ocean surface waves
We study the polarization properties of the light field under a dynamic ocean surface using realistic linear and nonlinear ocean surface waves. The three-dimensional polarized radiative transfer of the dynamic ocean-atmosphere system is considered using a Monte Carlo vector radiative transfer simula...
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| Format: | Article |
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American Geophysical Union (AGU)
2019
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120315 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1273-9964 |
| _version_ | 1826198654346592256 |
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| author | Xu, Zao Yue, Dick K. P. Shen, Lian Voss, Kenneth J. |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Xu, Zao Yue, Dick K. P. Shen, Lian Voss, Kenneth J. |
| author_sort | Xu, Zao |
| collection | MIT |
| description | We study the polarization properties of the light field under a dynamic ocean surface using realistic linear and nonlinear ocean surface waves. The three-dimensional polarized radiative transfer of the dynamic ocean-atmosphere system is considered using a Monte Carlo vector radiative transfer simulation for arbitrary depth. The program is validated with measurement data taken in Hawaii during the Radiance in a Dynamic Ocean project. The main focus of this study is the influence of the wind-driven ocean waves on the polarization patterns and statistics at different optical depths under various conditions of light wavelength and solar incidence. Of special interest is the effect of the nonlinearity of the surface waves on the polarization statistics. To facilitate the study, phase-resolved direct simulations of the linear and nonlinear surface wavefields are performed using a high-order spectral method. The results show that the time-averaged degree of polarization within the Snell's window is dependent on the mean square slope of the ocean surface. Higher mean square slope, or wind speed, leads to a smaller degree of polarization. At the same time, the variability of the degree of polarization has a strong dependence on the surface roughness. A rougher ocean surface induces higher variability of the degree of polarization. The effect of wave nonlinearity can be neglected for the mean value of polarization, but is manifested in the variability of the degree of polarization, with a general increase in the variance with increasing wave nonlinearity. The present findings provide possible mechanisms for characterizing the dynamic ocean surface based on underwater polarized light measurements. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T11:08:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/120315 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T11:08:08Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1203152022-10-01T01:31:14Z Patterns and statistics of in-water polarization under conditions of linear and nonlinear ocean surface waves Xu, Zao Yue, Dick K. P. Shen, Lian Voss, Kenneth J. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Ocean Engineering Xu, Zao Yue, Dick K. P. Shen, Lian We study the polarization properties of the light field under a dynamic ocean surface using realistic linear and nonlinear ocean surface waves. The three-dimensional polarized radiative transfer of the dynamic ocean-atmosphere system is considered using a Monte Carlo vector radiative transfer simulation for arbitrary depth. The program is validated with measurement data taken in Hawaii during the Radiance in a Dynamic Ocean project. The main focus of this study is the influence of the wind-driven ocean waves on the polarization patterns and statistics at different optical depths under various conditions of light wavelength and solar incidence. Of special interest is the effect of the nonlinearity of the surface waves on the polarization statistics. To facilitate the study, phase-resolved direct simulations of the linear and nonlinear surface wavefields are performed using a high-order spectral method. The results show that the time-averaged degree of polarization within the Snell's window is dependent on the mean square slope of the ocean surface. Higher mean square slope, or wind speed, leads to a smaller degree of polarization. At the same time, the variability of the degree of polarization has a strong dependence on the surface roughness. A rougher ocean surface induces higher variability of the degree of polarization. The effect of wave nonlinearity can be neglected for the mean value of polarization, but is manifested in the variability of the degree of polarization, with a general increase in the variance with increasing wave nonlinearity. The present findings provide possible mechanisms for characterizing the dynamic ocean surface based on underwater polarized light measurements. United States. Office of Naval Research (RaDyO project) United States. Department of Defense. High-Performance Computing Modernization Program 2019-02-11T15:44:52Z 2019-02-11T15:44:52Z 2011-12 2011-09 2019-01-15T17:32:26Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0148-0227 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120315 Xu, Zao, Dick K. P. Yue, Lian Shen, and Kenneth J. Voss. “Patterns and Statistics of in-Water Polarization Under Conditions of Linear and Nonlinear Ocean Surface Waves.” Journal of Geophysical Research 116, no. C12 (December 6, 2011). https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1273-9964 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007350 Journal of Geophysical Research Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf American Geophysical Union (AGU) Other repository |
| spellingShingle | Xu, Zao Yue, Dick K. P. Shen, Lian Voss, Kenneth J. Patterns and statistics of in-water polarization under conditions of linear and nonlinear ocean surface waves |
| title | Patterns and statistics of in-water polarization under conditions of linear and nonlinear ocean surface waves |
| title_full | Patterns and statistics of in-water polarization under conditions of linear and nonlinear ocean surface waves |
| title_fullStr | Patterns and statistics of in-water polarization under conditions of linear and nonlinear ocean surface waves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Patterns and statistics of in-water polarization under conditions of linear and nonlinear ocean surface waves |
| title_short | Patterns and statistics of in-water polarization under conditions of linear and nonlinear ocean surface waves |
| title_sort | patterns and statistics of in water polarization under conditions of linear and nonlinear ocean surface waves |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120315 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1273-9964 |
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