A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant
On 17 August 2017, the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors observed the gravitational-wave event GW170817-a strong signal from the merger of a binary neutron-star system. Less than two seconds after the merger, a γ-ray burst (GRB 170817A) was detected within a region of the sky consistent with the LI...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Springer Nature
2019
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121237 |
| _version_ | 1826190629129945088 |
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| author | Aggarwal, Nancy Barsotti, Lisa Biscans, Sebastien Buikema, Aaron Demos, Nicholas Donovan, Frederick J Eisenstein, Robert Alan Essick, Reed Clasey Evans, M. Fernández Galiana, A. Fritschel, Peter K. Gras, Slawomir Hall, Evan D. Katsavounidis, Erotokritos Kontos, Antonios Lanza Jr, Robert K Lynch, Ryan Christopher MacInnis, Myron E Martynov, Denis Mason, Kenneth R Matichard, Fabrice Mavalvala, Nergis Miller, J. Mittleman, Richard K Mohapatra, S. R. P. Shoemaker, David H Tse, Maggie Vitale, Salvatore Weiss, Rainer Yu, Hang Yu, Haocun Zucker, Michael E |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics Aggarwal, Nancy Barsotti, Lisa Biscans, Sebastien Buikema, Aaron Demos, Nicholas Donovan, Frederick J Eisenstein, Robert Alan Essick, Reed Clasey Evans, M. Fernández Galiana, A. Fritschel, Peter K. Gras, Slawomir Hall, Evan D. Katsavounidis, Erotokritos Kontos, Antonios Lanza Jr, Robert K Lynch, Ryan Christopher MacInnis, Myron E Martynov, Denis Mason, Kenneth R Matichard, Fabrice Mavalvala, Nergis Miller, J. Mittleman, Richard K Mohapatra, S. R. P. Shoemaker, David H Tse, Maggie Vitale, Salvatore Weiss, Rainer Yu, Hang Yu, Haocun Zucker, Michael E |
| author_sort | Aggarwal, Nancy |
| collection | MIT |
| description | On 17 August 2017, the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors observed the gravitational-wave event GW170817-a strong signal from the merger of a binary neutron-star system. Less than two seconds after the merger, a γ-ray burst (GRB 170817A) was detected within a region of the sky consistent with the LIGO-Virgo-derived location of the gravitational-wave source. This sky region was subsequently observed by optical astronomy facilities, resulting in the identification of an optical transient signal within about ten arcseconds of the galaxy NGC 4993. This detection of GW170817 in both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves represents the first 'multi-messenger' astronomical observation. Such observations enable GW170817 to be used as a 'standard siren' (meaning that the absolute distance to the source can be determined directly from the gravitational-wave measurements) to measure the Hubble constant. This quantity represents the local expansion rate of the Universe, sets the overall scale of the Universe and is of fundamental importance to cosmology. Here we report a measurement of the Hubble constant that combines the distance to the source inferred purely from the gravitational-wave signal with the recession velocity inferred from measurements of the redshift using the electromagnetic data. In contrast to previous measurements, ours does not require the use of a cosmic 'distance ladder' : the gravitational-wave analysis can be used to estimate the luminosity distance out to cosmological scales directly, without the use of intermediate astronomical distance measurements. We determine the Hubble constant to be about 70 kilometres per second per megaparsec. This value is consistent with existing measurements, while being completely independent of them. Additional standard siren measurements from future gravitationalwave sources will enable the Hubble constant to be constrained to high precision. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T08:42:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/121237 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T08:42:59Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Springer Nature |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1212372022-09-23T14:05:06Z A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant Aggarwal, Nancy Barsotti, Lisa Biscans, Sebastien Buikema, Aaron Demos, Nicholas Donovan, Frederick J Eisenstein, Robert Alan Essick, Reed Clasey Evans, M. Fernández Galiana, A. Fritschel, Peter K. Gras, Slawomir Hall, Evan D. Katsavounidis, Erotokritos Kontos, Antonios Lanza Jr, Robert K Lynch, Ryan Christopher MacInnis, Myron E Martynov, Denis Mason, Kenneth R Matichard, Fabrice Mavalvala, Nergis Miller, J. Mittleman, Richard K Mohapatra, S. R. P. Shoemaker, David H Tse, Maggie Vitale, Salvatore Weiss, Rainer Yu, Hang Yu, Haocun Zucker, Michael E Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology) MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research On 17 August 2017, the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors observed the gravitational-wave event GW170817-a strong signal from the merger of a binary neutron-star system. Less than two seconds after the merger, a γ-ray burst (GRB 170817A) was detected within a region of the sky consistent with the LIGO-Virgo-derived location of the gravitational-wave source. This sky region was subsequently observed by optical astronomy facilities, resulting in the identification of an optical transient signal within about ten arcseconds of the galaxy NGC 4993. This detection of GW170817 in both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves represents the first 'multi-messenger' astronomical observation. Such observations enable GW170817 to be used as a 'standard siren' (meaning that the absolute distance to the source can be determined directly from the gravitational-wave measurements) to measure the Hubble constant. This quantity represents the local expansion rate of the Universe, sets the overall scale of the Universe and is of fundamental importance to cosmology. Here we report a measurement of the Hubble constant that combines the distance to the source inferred purely from the gravitational-wave signal with the recession velocity inferred from measurements of the redshift using the electromagnetic data. In contrast to previous measurements, ours does not require the use of a cosmic 'distance ladder' : the gravitational-wave analysis can be used to estimate the luminosity distance out to cosmological scales directly, without the use of intermediate astronomical distance measurements. We determine the Hubble constant to be about 70 kilometres per second per megaparsec. This value is consistent with existing measurements, while being completely independent of them. Additional standard siren measurements from future gravitationalwave sources will enable the Hubble constant to be constrained to high precision. United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant HST–HF–51348.001) United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant HST–HF–51373.001) 2019-06-10T19:13:04Z 2019-06-10T19:13:04Z 2017-10 2017-09 2019-03-20T17:44:55Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0028-0836 1476-4687 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121237 Abbott, B. P. et al. "A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant." Nature 551 (October 2017): 85-88 © Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/NATURE24471 Nature http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf Springer Nature arXiv |
| spellingShingle | Aggarwal, Nancy Barsotti, Lisa Biscans, Sebastien Buikema, Aaron Demos, Nicholas Donovan, Frederick J Eisenstein, Robert Alan Essick, Reed Clasey Evans, M. Fernández Galiana, A. Fritschel, Peter K. Gras, Slawomir Hall, Evan D. Katsavounidis, Erotokritos Kontos, Antonios Lanza Jr, Robert K Lynch, Ryan Christopher MacInnis, Myron E Martynov, Denis Mason, Kenneth R Matichard, Fabrice Mavalvala, Nergis Miller, J. Mittleman, Richard K Mohapatra, S. R. P. Shoemaker, David H Tse, Maggie Vitale, Salvatore Weiss, Rainer Yu, Hang Yu, Haocun Zucker, Michael E A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant |
| title | A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant |
| title_full | A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant |
| title_fullStr | A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant |
| title_full_unstemmed | A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant |
| title_short | A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant |
| title_sort | gravitational wave standard siren measurement of the hubble constant |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121237 |
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