A framework to analyze sulfate versus chloride selectivity in nanofiltration
The preferential removal of sodium sulfate over sodium chloride (fractionation) by nanofiltration (NF) is studied. A fractionation metric, M, is defined, and a simple set of equations are derived to describe its variation due to operating parameters, such as temperature and pressure. The use of thes...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
| Published: |
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
2019
|
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121989 |
| _version_ | 1811076911599714304 |
|---|---|
| author | Roy, Yagnaseni Lienhard, John H |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Roy, Yagnaseni Lienhard, John H |
| author_sort | Roy, Yagnaseni |
| collection | MIT |
| description | The preferential removal of sodium sulfate over sodium chloride (fractionation) by nanofiltration (NF) is studied. A fractionation metric, M, is defined, and a simple set of equations are derived to describe its variation due to operating parameters, such as temperature and pressure. The use of these equations to explain known behavior of NF systems and suggest improvements in system or membrane design is demonstrated. Furthermore, the derived framework is applicable to all membranes used in pressure-driven technologies, without detailed characterization of specific membrane properties, such as structural parameters (pore radius, active layer thickness, tortuosity, porosity) or charge-based parameters. Given that the principal applications of NF involve the selective removal of multivalent ions over monovalent ions, the introduced metric provides a direct measure of its efficacy in such applications, and is shown to be more accurate in some cases than comparing salt rejection ratios, as usually done. Finally, the concept of ‘breakthrough’, commonly observed as the point at which rejection ratio begins to decrease with increase in pressure, is mathematically described, and its implication on selectivity discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:30:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/121989 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:30:26Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1219892022-09-27T09:50:32Z A framework to analyze sulfate versus chloride selectivity in nanofiltration Roy, Yagnaseni Lienhard, John H Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering The preferential removal of sodium sulfate over sodium chloride (fractionation) by nanofiltration (NF) is studied. A fractionation metric, M, is defined, and a simple set of equations are derived to describe its variation due to operating parameters, such as temperature and pressure. The use of these equations to explain known behavior of NF systems and suggest improvements in system or membrane design is demonstrated. Furthermore, the derived framework is applicable to all membranes used in pressure-driven technologies, without detailed characterization of specific membrane properties, such as structural parameters (pore radius, active layer thickness, tortuosity, porosity) or charge-based parameters. Given that the principal applications of NF involve the selective removal of multivalent ions over monovalent ions, the introduced metric provides a direct measure of its efficacy in such applications, and is shown to be more accurate in some cases than comparing salt rejection ratios, as usually done. Finally, the concept of ‘breakthrough’, commonly observed as the point at which rejection ratio begins to decrease with increase in pressure, is mathematically described, and its implication on selectivity discussed. 2019-08-15T14:39:53Z 2019-08-15T14:39:53Z 2019-01 2018-11 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 2053-1400 2053-1419 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121989 Roy, Yagnaseni, and John H. Lienhard. “A Framework to Analyze Sulfate Versus Chloride Selectivity in Nanofiltration.” Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 5, 3 (2019): 585–598 © Royal Society of Chemistry en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ew00847g Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial 3.0 unported license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ application/pdf Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) |
| spellingShingle | Roy, Yagnaseni Lienhard, John H A framework to analyze sulfate versus chloride selectivity in nanofiltration |
| title | A framework to analyze sulfate versus chloride selectivity in nanofiltration |
| title_full | A framework to analyze sulfate versus chloride selectivity in nanofiltration |
| title_fullStr | A framework to analyze sulfate versus chloride selectivity in nanofiltration |
| title_full_unstemmed | A framework to analyze sulfate versus chloride selectivity in nanofiltration |
| title_short | A framework to analyze sulfate versus chloride selectivity in nanofiltration |
| title_sort | framework to analyze sulfate versus chloride selectivity in nanofiltration |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121989 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT royyagnaseni aframeworktoanalyzesulfateversuschlorideselectivityinnanofiltration AT lienhardjohnh aframeworktoanalyzesulfateversuschlorideselectivityinnanofiltration AT royyagnaseni frameworktoanalyzesulfateversuschlorideselectivityinnanofiltration AT lienhardjohnh frameworktoanalyzesulfateversuschlorideselectivityinnanofiltration |