| Summary: | Early career scientists in most fields—especially in biomedical sciences—are facing major challenges: The average age of first time NIH grant recipients is rising; many early career scientists spend 3 or more years in low-paid and overworked temporary postdoc positions; thousands interested in academia may never land academic positions; and serious mental health issues challenge many graduate students (Alberts et al. 2014, Levecque et al. 2017, Andalib et al. 2018). Various ameliorative policies have been suggested. In a recent article in BioScience, Beans (2018) emphasized the importance of broadening PhD education and discussing career options outside of academia in order to train and attract students for nonacademic jobs—points that many other scholars in biomedical and life sciences have made (e.g., Fenster and Dudash 2018). In a recent NASEM report (2018), seven corrective policy initiatives were offered, including capping postdoctoral positions at 3 years, supporting permanent research positions with higher pay in academia, requiring projects to support career development of postdocs through allocating specific funding (referred as the postdoc tax), and—increasing federal funding. There are some valuable arguments in this report, but none appears to address academic-system structural change. Rather, the main focus is on tinkering with policies related to the population of newly minted PhDs.
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