Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA)
The Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) is a staged experiment to measure 21 cm emission from the primordial intergalactic medium (IGM) throughout cosmic reionization (z = 6-12), and to explore earlier epochs of our Cosmic Dawn (z ∼ 30). During these epochs, early stars and black holes heate...
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| Format: | Article |
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IOP Publishing
2020
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124624 |
| _version_ | 1811085292533186560 |
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| author | Hewitt, Jacqueline N. Ewall-Wice, Aaron Neben, Abraham R. Tegmark, Max Erik |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics Hewitt, Jacqueline N. Ewall-Wice, Aaron Neben, Abraham R. Tegmark, Max Erik |
| author_sort | Hewitt, Jacqueline N. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | The Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) is a staged experiment to measure 21 cm emission from the primordial intergalactic medium (IGM) throughout cosmic reionization (z = 6-12), and to explore earlier epochs of our Cosmic Dawn (z ∼ 30). During these epochs, early stars and black holes heated and ionized the IGM, introducing fluctuations in 21 cm emission. HERA is designed to characterize the evolution of the 21 cm power spectrum to constrain the timing and morphology of reionization, the properties of the first galaxies, the evolution of large-scale structure, and the early sources of heating. The full HERA instrument will be a 350-element interferometer in South Africa consisting of 14 m parabolic dishes observing from 50 to 250 MHz. Currently, 19 dishes have been deployed on site and the next 18 are under construction. HERA has been designated as an SKA Precursor instrument. In this paper, we summarize HERA’s scientific context and provide forecasts for its key science results. After reviewing the current state of the art in foreground mitigation, we use the delay-spectrum technique to motivate high-level performance requirements for the HERA instrument. Next, we present the HERA instrument design, along with the subsystem specifications that ensure that HERA meets its performance requirements. Finally, we summarize the schedule and status of the project. We conclude by suggesting that, given the realities of foreground contamination, current-generation 21 cm instruments are approaching their sensitivity limits. HERA is designed to bring both the sensitivity and the precision to deliver its primary science on the basis of proven foreground filtering techniques, while developing new subtraction techniques to unlock new capabilities. The result will be a major step toward realizing the widely recognized scientific potential of 21 cm cosmology. Keywords: dark ages; reionization; first stars – instrumentation; interferometers – techniques; interferometric–telescopes |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:06:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/124624 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:06:39Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1246242022-09-28T12:04:36Z Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) Hewitt, Jacqueline N. Ewall-Wice, Aaron Neben, Abraham R. Tegmark, Max Erik Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research The Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) is a staged experiment to measure 21 cm emission from the primordial intergalactic medium (IGM) throughout cosmic reionization (z = 6-12), and to explore earlier epochs of our Cosmic Dawn (z ∼ 30). During these epochs, early stars and black holes heated and ionized the IGM, introducing fluctuations in 21 cm emission. HERA is designed to characterize the evolution of the 21 cm power spectrum to constrain the timing and morphology of reionization, the properties of the first galaxies, the evolution of large-scale structure, and the early sources of heating. The full HERA instrument will be a 350-element interferometer in South Africa consisting of 14 m parabolic dishes observing from 50 to 250 MHz. Currently, 19 dishes have been deployed on site and the next 18 are under construction. HERA has been designated as an SKA Precursor instrument. In this paper, we summarize HERA’s scientific context and provide forecasts for its key science results. After reviewing the current state of the art in foreground mitigation, we use the delay-spectrum technique to motivate high-level performance requirements for the HERA instrument. Next, we present the HERA instrument design, along with the subsystem specifications that ensure that HERA meets its performance requirements. Finally, we summarize the schedule and status of the project. We conclude by suggesting that, given the realities of foreground contamination, current-generation 21 cm instruments are approaching their sensitivity limits. HERA is designed to bring both the sensitivity and the precision to deliver its primary science on the basis of proven foreground filtering techniques, while developing new subtraction techniques to unlock new capabilities. The result will be a major step toward realizing the widely recognized scientific potential of 21 cm cosmology. Keywords: dark ages; reionization; first stars – instrumentation; interferometers – techniques; interferometric–telescopes National Science Foundation (U.S.) (AST-1440343) National Science Foundation (U.S.) (AST1410719) 2020-04-14T15:42:49Z 2020-04-14T15:42:49Z 2017-03 2019-03-26T17:00:41Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0004-6280 1538-3873 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124624 DeBoer, David R. et al. “Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA).” Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 129, 974 (March 2, 2017): 045001. © 2017 The Astronomical Society of the Pacific http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/129/974/045001 Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 unported license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ application/pdf IOP Publishing IOP Publishing |
| spellingShingle | Hewitt, Jacqueline N. Ewall-Wice, Aaron Neben, Abraham R. Tegmark, Max Erik Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) |
| title | Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) |
| title_full | Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) |
| title_fullStr | Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) |
| title_short | Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) |
| title_sort | hydrogen epoch of reionization array hera |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124624 |
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