The Reference Genome Sequence of Scutellaria baicalensis Provides Insights into the Evolution of Wogonin Biosynthesis
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is important in Chinese traditional medicine where preparations of dried roots, "Huang Qin," are used for liver and lung complaints and as complementary cancer treatments. We report a high-quality reference genome sequence for S. baicalensis where 93% of the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier BV
2020
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124675 |
| _version_ | 1826217641363111936 |
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| author | Weng, Jing-Ke Pluskal, Tomáš |
| author2 | Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research |
| author_facet | Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research Weng, Jing-Ke Pluskal, Tomáš |
| author_sort | Weng, Jing-Ke |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is important in Chinese traditional medicine where preparations of dried roots, "Huang Qin," are used for liver and lung complaints and as complementary cancer treatments. We report a high-quality reference genome sequence for S. baicalensis where 93% of the 408.14-Mb genome has been assembled into nine pseudochromosomes with a super-N50 of 33.2 Mb. Comparison of this sequence with those of closely related species in the order Lamiales, Sesamum indicum and Salvia splendens, revealed that a specialized metabolic pathway for the synthesis of 4'-deoxyflavone bioactives evolved in the genus Scutellaria. We found that the gene encoding a specific cinnamate coenzyme A ligase likely obtained its new function following recent mutations, and that four genes encoding enzymes in the 4'-deoxyflavone pathway are present as tandem repeats in the genome of S. baicalensis. Further analyses revealed that gene duplications, segmental duplication, gene amplification, and point mutations coupled to gene neo- and subfunctionalizations were involved in the evolution of 4'-deoxyflavone synthesis in the genus Scutellaria. Our study not only provides significant insight into the evolution of specific flavone biosynthetic pathways in the mint family, Lamiaceae, but also will facilitate the development of tools for enhancing bioactive productivity by metabolic engineering in microbes or by molecular breeding in plants. The reference genome of S. baicalensis is also useful for improving the genome assemblies for other members of the mint family and offers an important foundation for decoding the synthetic pathways of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T17:06:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/124675 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T17:06:55Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Elsevier BV |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1246752022-10-03T10:30:26Z The Reference Genome Sequence of Scutellaria baicalensis Provides Insights into the Evolution of Wogonin Biosynthesis Weng, Jing-Ke Pluskal, Tomáš Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology Plant Science Molecular Biology Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is important in Chinese traditional medicine where preparations of dried roots, "Huang Qin," are used for liver and lung complaints and as complementary cancer treatments. We report a high-quality reference genome sequence for S. baicalensis where 93% of the 408.14-Mb genome has been assembled into nine pseudochromosomes with a super-N50 of 33.2 Mb. Comparison of this sequence with those of closely related species in the order Lamiales, Sesamum indicum and Salvia splendens, revealed that a specialized metabolic pathway for the synthesis of 4'-deoxyflavone bioactives evolved in the genus Scutellaria. We found that the gene encoding a specific cinnamate coenzyme A ligase likely obtained its new function following recent mutations, and that four genes encoding enzymes in the 4'-deoxyflavone pathway are present as tandem repeats in the genome of S. baicalensis. Further analyses revealed that gene duplications, segmental duplication, gene amplification, and point mutations coupled to gene neo- and subfunctionalizations were involved in the evolution of 4'-deoxyflavone synthesis in the genus Scutellaria. Our study not only provides significant insight into the evolution of specific flavone biosynthetic pathways in the mint family, Lamiaceae, but also will facilitate the development of tools for enhancing bioactive productivity by metabolic engineering in microbes or by molecular breeding in plants. The reference genome of S. baicalensis is also useful for improving the genome assemblies for other members of the mint family and offers an important foundation for decoding the synthetic pathways of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants. China. Ministry of Science and Technology. National Key R&D Program (Grant 2018YFC1706200) China. Ministry of Science and Technology. National Key R&D Program (Grant 2018YFD1000701-4) Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant QYZDY-SSW-SMC026) Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant 153D31KYSB20160074) Shanghai Landscaping & City Appearance Administrative Bureau (Chenshan Special Fund G182401) Shanghai Landscaping & City Appearance Administrative Bureau (Chenshan Special Fund G172402) Shanghai Landscaping & City Appearance Administrative Bureau (Chenshan Special Fund G182402) Shanghai Landscaping & City Appearance Administrative Bureau (Chenshan Special Fund G192413) Shanghai Landscaping & City Appearance Administrative Bureau (Chenshan Special Fund G192414) 2020-04-15T19:39:26Z 2020-04-15T19:39:26Z 2019-07 2020-02-03T20:28:44Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1674-2052 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124675 Zhao, Qing et al. "The Reference Genome Sequence of Scutellaria baicalensis Provides Insights into the Evolution of Wogonin Biosynthesis." Molecular plant 12 (2019): 935-950 © 2019 The Author(s) en 10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.002 Molecular plant Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf Elsevier BV Elsevier |
| spellingShingle | Plant Science Molecular Biology Weng, Jing-Ke Pluskal, Tomáš The Reference Genome Sequence of Scutellaria baicalensis Provides Insights into the Evolution of Wogonin Biosynthesis |
| title | The Reference Genome Sequence of Scutellaria baicalensis Provides Insights into the Evolution of Wogonin Biosynthesis |
| title_full | The Reference Genome Sequence of Scutellaria baicalensis Provides Insights into the Evolution of Wogonin Biosynthesis |
| title_fullStr | The Reference Genome Sequence of Scutellaria baicalensis Provides Insights into the Evolution of Wogonin Biosynthesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Reference Genome Sequence of Scutellaria baicalensis Provides Insights into the Evolution of Wogonin Biosynthesis |
| title_short | The Reference Genome Sequence of Scutellaria baicalensis Provides Insights into the Evolution of Wogonin Biosynthesis |
| title_sort | reference genome sequence of scutellaria baicalensis provides insights into the evolution of wogonin biosynthesis |
| topic | Plant Science Molecular Biology |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124675 |
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