Operation of a Superconducting Nanowire in Two Detection Modes: KID and SPD
We present the performance of a superconducting nanowire that can be operated in two detection modes: (i) as a kinetic inductance detector (KID) or (ii) as a single-photon detector (SPD). Two superconducting nanowires developed for use as single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are embedded as the inductiv...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer Nature
2020
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124847 |
| _version_ | 1811081898149019648 |
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| author | Schroeder, Edward Mauskopf, Philip Mani, Hamdi Bryan, Sean Berggren, Karl K. Zhu, Di |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Schroeder, Edward Mauskopf, Philip Mani, Hamdi Bryan, Sean Berggren, Karl K. Zhu, Di |
| author_sort | Schroeder, Edward |
| collection | MIT |
| description | We present the performance of a superconducting nanowire that can be operated in two detection modes: (i) as a kinetic inductance detector (KID) or (ii) as a single-photon detector (SPD). Two superconducting nanowires developed for use as single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are embedded as the inductive (L) component in resonant inductor/capacitor (LC) circuits coupled to a microwave transmission line. The capacitors are low loss commercial chip capacitors and limit the internal quality factor of the resonators to approximately Q i = 170. The resonator quality factor, Q r ≃ 23 , is dominated by the coupling to the feedline and limits the detection bandwidth to on the order of 1 MHz. When operated in KID mode, the detectors are AC biased with tones at their resonant frequencies of 45.85 and 91.81 MHz. In the low-bias, standard KID mode, a single photon produces a hot spot that does not turn an entire section of the line normal but only increases the kinetic inductance. In the high-bias, critical KID mode, a photon event turns a section of the line normal and the resonance is destroyed until the normal region is dissipated. When operated as an SPD in Geiger mode, the resonators are DC biased through cryogenic bias tees and each photon produces a sharp voltage step followed by a ringdown signal at the resonant frequency of the detector which is converted to a standard pulse with an envelope detector. We show that AC biasing in the critical KID mode is inferior to the sensitivity achieved in DC-biased SPD mode due to the small fraction of time spent near the critical current with an AC bias. ©2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T11:54:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/124847 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T11:54:10Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Springer Nature |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1248472022-10-01T06:51:43Z Operation of a Superconducting Nanowire in Two Detection Modes: KID and SPD Schroeder, Edward Mauskopf, Philip Mani, Hamdi Bryan, Sean Berggren, Karl K. Zhu, Di Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science We present the performance of a superconducting nanowire that can be operated in two detection modes: (i) as a kinetic inductance detector (KID) or (ii) as a single-photon detector (SPD). Two superconducting nanowires developed for use as single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are embedded as the inductive (L) component in resonant inductor/capacitor (LC) circuits coupled to a microwave transmission line. The capacitors are low loss commercial chip capacitors and limit the internal quality factor of the resonators to approximately Q i = 170. The resonator quality factor, Q r ≃ 23 , is dominated by the coupling to the feedline and limits the detection bandwidth to on the order of 1 MHz. When operated in KID mode, the detectors are AC biased with tones at their resonant frequencies of 45.85 and 91.81 MHz. In the low-bias, standard KID mode, a single photon produces a hot spot that does not turn an entire section of the line normal but only increases the kinetic inductance. In the high-bias, critical KID mode, a photon event turns a section of the line normal and the resonance is destroyed until the normal region is dissipated. When operated as an SPD in Geiger mode, the resonators are DC biased through cryogenic bias tees and each photon produces a sharp voltage step followed by a ringdown signal at the resonant frequency of the detector which is converted to a standard pulse with an envelope detector. We show that AC biasing in the critical KID mode is inferior to the sensitivity achieved in DC-biased SPD mode due to the small fraction of time spent near the critical current with an AC bias. ©2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. NSF (AST ATI Grant: 1509078) 2020-04-23T22:48:30Z 2020-04-23T22:48:30Z 2018-10 2017-11 2019-05-08T17:20:38Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1573-7357 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124847 Schroeder, Edward et. al., "Operation of a Superconducting Nanowire in Two Detection Modes: KID and SPD." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 194 (October 2018): 386–93 doi. 10.1007/s10909-018-2075-0 ©2018 Authors en 10.1007/S10909-018-2075-0 Journal of Low Temperature Physics Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf Springer Nature arXiv |
| spellingShingle | Schroeder, Edward Mauskopf, Philip Mani, Hamdi Bryan, Sean Berggren, Karl K. Zhu, Di Operation of a Superconducting Nanowire in Two Detection Modes: KID and SPD |
| title | Operation of a Superconducting Nanowire in Two Detection Modes: KID and SPD |
| title_full | Operation of a Superconducting Nanowire in Two Detection Modes: KID and SPD |
| title_fullStr | Operation of a Superconducting Nanowire in Two Detection Modes: KID and SPD |
| title_full_unstemmed | Operation of a Superconducting Nanowire in Two Detection Modes: KID and SPD |
| title_short | Operation of a Superconducting Nanowire in Two Detection Modes: KID and SPD |
| title_sort | operation of a superconducting nanowire in two detection modes kid and spd |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124847 |
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