Engineered nanomaterials in the context of global element cycles
Environmental nanomaterials researchers are challenged to discern relevant use and release scenarios of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Here, we evaluated ENMs within the framework of global anthropogenic element cycles. To provide a bird's-eye view of the status and scale of nanotechnologies,...
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Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
2020
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124877 |
| _version_ | 1811070530874245120 |
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| author | Jankovic, Nina Z. Plata, Desiree |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Jankovic, Nina Z. Plata, Desiree |
| author_sort | Jankovic, Nina Z. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Environmental nanomaterials researchers are challenged to discern relevant use and release scenarios of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Here, we evaluated ENMs within the framework of global anthropogenic element cycles. To provide a bird's-eye view of the status and scale of nanotechnologies, we constructed a multifaceted framework to discern industrial relevance by employing metrics, such as technology readiness level, annual production volumes, synthetic efficiencies, and projected annual market growth rates across twenty-five ENMs. For eight detailed element cycles (Ce, Ag, Zn, Al, Co, Cu, Ni, and Fe), ENMs had a minor influence on anthropogenic element cycling (2 × 10−6 to 2% of total extracted ore), while nSiO2 represents 3–25% of Si metal mined. Production volumes represent only a portion of the material mined for nanomaterial synthesis; synthetic yields for metal, metalloid, and metal oxide nanomaterials were high (typically greater than 90%), while carbon-based nanomaterials have dramatically lower synthetic efficiencies (8–33%). Finally, technology readiness levels indicated that carbon-based nanomaterials have a diverse suite of current applications, whereas metal and metalloid-oxide applications are more limited in number. Several markets continue to grow, particularly quantum dots (58% projected annual growth from 2015–2025). Probing the vast nanomaterial space en masse serves to focus environmental health and safety efforts on materials that are most industrially relevant to biogeochemical processes, and this article is first to consider ENMs within the framework of anthropogenic element cycling of bulk materials at the global level. ©2019 |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T08:37:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/124877 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T08:37:30Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1248772022-09-23T13:24:26Z Engineered nanomaterials in the context of global element cycles Jankovic, Nina Z. Plata, Desiree Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Materials Science (miscellaneous) General Environmental Science Environmental nanomaterials researchers are challenged to discern relevant use and release scenarios of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Here, we evaluated ENMs within the framework of global anthropogenic element cycles. To provide a bird's-eye view of the status and scale of nanotechnologies, we constructed a multifaceted framework to discern industrial relevance by employing metrics, such as technology readiness level, annual production volumes, synthetic efficiencies, and projected annual market growth rates across twenty-five ENMs. For eight detailed element cycles (Ce, Ag, Zn, Al, Co, Cu, Ni, and Fe), ENMs had a minor influence on anthropogenic element cycling (2 × 10−6 to 2% of total extracted ore), while nSiO2 represents 3–25% of Si metal mined. Production volumes represent only a portion of the material mined for nanomaterial synthesis; synthetic yields for metal, metalloid, and metal oxide nanomaterials were high (typically greater than 90%), while carbon-based nanomaterials have dramatically lower synthetic efficiencies (8–33%). Finally, technology readiness levels indicated that carbon-based nanomaterials have a diverse suite of current applications, whereas metal and metalloid-oxide applications are more limited in number. Several markets continue to grow, particularly quantum dots (58% projected annual growth from 2015–2025). Probing the vast nanomaterial space en masse serves to focus environmental health and safety efforts on materials that are most industrially relevant to biogeochemical processes, and this article is first to consider ENMs within the framework of anthropogenic element cycling of bulk materials at the global level. ©2019 2020-04-27T14:17:41Z 2020-04-27T14:17:41Z 2019 2019-03 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 2051-8153 2051-8161 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124877 Jankovič, Nina Z., and Desirée Plata, "Engineered nanomaterials in the context of global element cycles." Environmental Science: Nano 6 (2019): p. 2697-711 doi 10.1039/c9en00322c ©2019 Author(s) 10.1039/c9en00322c Environmental Science: Nano Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 unported license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ application/pdf Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) |
| spellingShingle | Materials Science (miscellaneous) General Environmental Science Jankovic, Nina Z. Plata, Desiree Engineered nanomaterials in the context of global element cycles |
| title | Engineered nanomaterials in the context of global element cycles |
| title_full | Engineered nanomaterials in the context of global element cycles |
| title_fullStr | Engineered nanomaterials in the context of global element cycles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Engineered nanomaterials in the context of global element cycles |
| title_short | Engineered nanomaterials in the context of global element cycles |
| title_sort | engineered nanomaterials in the context of global element cycles |
| topic | Materials Science (miscellaneous) General Environmental Science |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124877 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jankovicninaz engineerednanomaterialsinthecontextofglobalelementcycles AT platadesiree engineerednanomaterialsinthecontextofglobalelementcycles |