Observation of the nonlinear Hall effect under time-reversal-symmetric conditions
The electrical Hall effect is the production, upon the application of an electric field, of a transverse voltage under an out-of-plane magnetic field. Studies of the Hall effect have led to important breakthroughs, including the discoveries of Berry curvature and topological Chern invariants. The in...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Research
2020
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124951 |
| _version_ | 1811072365551943680 |
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| author | Ma, Qiong Xu, Su-Yang Shen, Huitao MacNeill, David Fatemi, Valla Chang, Tay-Rong Mier Valdivia, Andrés M. Wu, Sanfeng Du, Zongzheng Hsu, Chuang-Han Fang, Shiang Gibson, Quinn D. Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Cava, Robert J. Kaxiras, Efthimios Lu, Hai-Zhou Lin, Hsin Fu, Liang Gedik, Nuh Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics Ma, Qiong Xu, Su-Yang Shen, Huitao MacNeill, David Fatemi, Valla Chang, Tay-Rong Mier Valdivia, Andrés M. Wu, Sanfeng Du, Zongzheng Hsu, Chuang-Han Fang, Shiang Gibson, Quinn D. Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Cava, Robert J. Kaxiras, Efthimios Lu, Hai-Zhou Lin, Hsin Fu, Liang Gedik, Nuh Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo |
| author_sort | Ma, Qiong |
| collection | MIT |
| description | The electrical Hall effect is the production, upon the application of an electric field, of a transverse voltage under an out-of-plane magnetic field. Studies of the Hall effect have led to important breakthroughs, including the discoveries of Berry curvature and topological Chern invariants. The internal magnetization of magnets means that the electrical Hall effect can occur in the absence of an external magnetic field; this ‘anomalous’ Hall effect is important for the study of quantum magnets. The electrical Hall effect has rarely been studied in non-magnetic materials without external magnetic fields, owing to the constraint of time-reversal symmetry. However, only in the linear response regime—when the Hall voltage is linearly proportional to the external electric field—does the Hall effect identically vanish as a result of time-reversal symmetry; the Hall effect in the nonlinear response regime is not subject to such symmetry constraints. Here we report observations of the nonlinear Hall effect in electrical transport in bilayers of the non-magnetic quantum material WTe 2 under time-reversal-symmetric conditions. We show that an electric current in bilayer WTe 2 leads to a nonlinear Hall voltage in the absence of a magnetic field. The properties of this nonlinear Hall effect are distinct from those of the anomalous Hall effect in metals: the nonlinear Hall effect results in a quadratic, rather than linear, current–voltage characteristic and, in contrast to the anomalous Hall effect, the nonlinear Hall effect results in a much larger transverse than longitudinal voltage response, leading to a nonlinear Hall angle (the angle between the total voltage response and the applied electric field) of nearly 90 degrees. We further show that the nonlinear Hall effect provides a direct measure of the dipole moment of the Berry curvature, which arises from layer-polarized Dirac fermions in bilayer WTe 2 . Our results demonstrate a new type of Hall effect and provide a way of detecting Berry curvature in non-magnetic quantum materials. © 2018, Springer Nature Limited. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T09:04:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/124951 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T09:04:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Nature Research |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1249512022-09-26T10:19:18Z Observation of the nonlinear Hall effect under time-reversal-symmetric conditions Ma, Qiong Xu, Su-Yang Shen, Huitao MacNeill, David Fatemi, Valla Chang, Tay-Rong Mier Valdivia, Andrés M. Wu, Sanfeng Du, Zongzheng Hsu, Chuang-Han Fang, Shiang Gibson, Quinn D. Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Cava, Robert J. Kaxiras, Efthimios Lu, Hai-Zhou Lin, Hsin Fu, Liang Gedik, Nuh Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics The electrical Hall effect is the production, upon the application of an electric field, of a transverse voltage under an out-of-plane magnetic field. Studies of the Hall effect have led to important breakthroughs, including the discoveries of Berry curvature and topological Chern invariants. The internal magnetization of magnets means that the electrical Hall effect can occur in the absence of an external magnetic field; this ‘anomalous’ Hall effect is important for the study of quantum magnets. The electrical Hall effect has rarely been studied in non-magnetic materials without external magnetic fields, owing to the constraint of time-reversal symmetry. However, only in the linear response regime—when the Hall voltage is linearly proportional to the external electric field—does the Hall effect identically vanish as a result of time-reversal symmetry; the Hall effect in the nonlinear response regime is not subject to such symmetry constraints. Here we report observations of the nonlinear Hall effect in electrical transport in bilayers of the non-magnetic quantum material WTe 2 under time-reversal-symmetric conditions. We show that an electric current in bilayer WTe 2 leads to a nonlinear Hall voltage in the absence of a magnetic field. The properties of this nonlinear Hall effect are distinct from those of the anomalous Hall effect in metals: the nonlinear Hall effect results in a quadratic, rather than linear, current–voltage characteristic and, in contrast to the anomalous Hall effect, the nonlinear Hall effect results in a much larger transverse than longitudinal voltage response, leading to a nonlinear Hall angle (the angle between the total voltage response and the applied electric field) of nearly 90 degrees. We further show that the nonlinear Hall effect provides a direct measure of the dipole moment of the Berry curvature, which arises from layer-polarized Dirac fermions in bilayer WTe 2 . Our results demonstrate a new type of Hall effect and provide a way of detecting Berry curvature in non-magnetic quantum materials. © 2018, Springer Nature Limited. Center for Excitonics (Award DESC0001088) AFOSR (grant FA9550-16-1-0382) Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation’s EPiQS Initiative (Grant GBMF4541) National Science Foundation (NSF) (Grant DMR-0819762) Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative (Grant GBMF4540) NSF MRSEC (grant DMR-1420541) Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program 2016ZT06D348 National Key R & D Program (2016YFA0301700) National Natural Science Foundation of China (11574127) e Science, Technology, and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (ZDSYS20170303165926217) MEXT, Japan, JSPS KAKENHI Grant JP18K19136 CREST (JPMJCR15F3) NSF Science and Technology Center for Integrated Quantum Materials grant DMR-1231319 MOST Grant for the Columbus Program 107-2636-M-006-004- ARO MURI Award W911NF-14-0247 2020-04-30T19:36:30Z 2020-04-30T19:36:30Z 2018-12 2018-07 2019-03-22T17:52:29Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0028-0836 1476-4687 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124951 Ma, Qiong, et al. “Observation of the Nonlinear Hall Effect Under Time-Reversal-Symmetric Conditions.” Nature 565 (December 2018): 337–342 © Author(s) http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0807-6 Nature Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf Nature Research arXiv |
| spellingShingle | Ma, Qiong Xu, Su-Yang Shen, Huitao MacNeill, David Fatemi, Valla Chang, Tay-Rong Mier Valdivia, Andrés M. Wu, Sanfeng Du, Zongzheng Hsu, Chuang-Han Fang, Shiang Gibson, Quinn D. Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Cava, Robert J. Kaxiras, Efthimios Lu, Hai-Zhou Lin, Hsin Fu, Liang Gedik, Nuh Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo Observation of the nonlinear Hall effect under time-reversal-symmetric conditions |
| title | Observation of the nonlinear Hall effect under time-reversal-symmetric conditions |
| title_full | Observation of the nonlinear Hall effect under time-reversal-symmetric conditions |
| title_fullStr | Observation of the nonlinear Hall effect under time-reversal-symmetric conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Observation of the nonlinear Hall effect under time-reversal-symmetric conditions |
| title_short | Observation of the nonlinear Hall effect under time-reversal-symmetric conditions |
| title_sort | observation of the nonlinear hall effect under time reversal symmetric conditions |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124951 |
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