| Summary: | In 1943, the psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed a universal hierarchy of human needs. He framed this as pyramid, in five horizontal layers. The layers range upward, from safety, through love and belonging, then to esteem, finally to self-actualization at the top. But at the very base of his pyramid, serving as its foundation, Maslow placed our physiological needs, including air, water, and food. Without that foundation, higher levels of human achievement are impossible. [First paragraph]
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