High-energy and high-power Zn–Ni flow batteries with semi-solid electrodes
Flow battery technology offers a promising low-cost option for stationary energy storage applications. Aqueous zinc–nickel battery chemistry is intrinsically safer than non-aqueous battery chemistry (e.g. lithium-based batteries) and offers comparable energy density. In this work, we show how combin...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
2020
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/125776 |
| _version_ | 1826208226455060480 |
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| author | Zhu, Yun Guang Narayanan, Thaneer Malai Tulodziecki, Michal Sanchez-Casalongue, Hernan Horn, Quinn C. Meda, Laura Yang, Yu Sun, Jame Regier, Tom McKinley, Gareth H Shao-Horn, Yang |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics Zhu, Yun Guang Narayanan, Thaneer Malai Tulodziecki, Michal Sanchez-Casalongue, Hernan Horn, Quinn C. Meda, Laura Yang, Yu Sun, Jame Regier, Tom McKinley, Gareth H Shao-Horn, Yang |
| author_sort | Zhu, Yun Guang |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Flow battery technology offers a promising low-cost option for stationary energy storage applications. Aqueous zinc–nickel battery chemistry is intrinsically safer than non-aqueous battery chemistry (e.g. lithium-based batteries) and offers comparable energy density. In this work, we show how combining high power density and low-yield stress electrodes can minimize energy loss due to pumping, and have demonstrate methods to achieve high energy and power density for ZnO/Ni(OH)2 electrodes by changing composition and optimizing testing protocols. Firstly, mechanically stable and homogeneous Ni(OH)2/carbon and ZnO/Zn flowable electrodes in 7 M KOH electrolyte were designed using a microgel dispersion as the suspending matrix. By determining the critical volume fractions for conductivity percolation, colloidal suspensions with 6.2 vol% of carbon and 23.1 vol% of Zn were selected for preparing catholytes and anolytes to ensure that these semi-solid electrodes possess high voltage and high coulombic efficiencies. The resulting flowable electrodes exhibited non-Newtonian rheology with a yield stress of approximately ∼200 Pa, which assists in maintaining mechanical stability of the suspensions. An energy density of up to 134 W h Lcatholyte−1 and power density up to ∼159 mW cmgeo.−2 was demonstrated for semi-solid ZnO/Ni(OH)2 electrodes, and coulombic efficiency of 94% was achieved during cycling by optimizing the charging protocol to 60% SOC of Ni(OH)2. Lastly, semi-solid ZnO and Ni(OH)2 flow cells were built and tested using an intermittent mode of operation. The high energy and power densities, high coulombic efficiency, and negligible pumping loss of the Zn–Ni semi-solid electrodes developed in the present work present a promising system for further development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T14:02:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/125776 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T14:02:11Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1257762022-10-01T18:45:03Z High-energy and high-power Zn–Ni flow batteries with semi-solid electrodes Zhu, Yun Guang Narayanan, Thaneer Malai Tulodziecki, Michal Sanchez-Casalongue, Hernan Horn, Quinn C. Meda, Laura Yang, Yu Sun, Jame Regier, Tom McKinley, Gareth H Shao-Horn, Yang Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Flow battery technology offers a promising low-cost option for stationary energy storage applications. Aqueous zinc–nickel battery chemistry is intrinsically safer than non-aqueous battery chemistry (e.g. lithium-based batteries) and offers comparable energy density. In this work, we show how combining high power density and low-yield stress electrodes can minimize energy loss due to pumping, and have demonstrate methods to achieve high energy and power density for ZnO/Ni(OH)2 electrodes by changing composition and optimizing testing protocols. Firstly, mechanically stable and homogeneous Ni(OH)2/carbon and ZnO/Zn flowable electrodes in 7 M KOH electrolyte were designed using a microgel dispersion as the suspending matrix. By determining the critical volume fractions for conductivity percolation, colloidal suspensions with 6.2 vol% of carbon and 23.1 vol% of Zn were selected for preparing catholytes and anolytes to ensure that these semi-solid electrodes possess high voltage and high coulombic efficiencies. The resulting flowable electrodes exhibited non-Newtonian rheology with a yield stress of approximately ∼200 Pa, which assists in maintaining mechanical stability of the suspensions. An energy density of up to 134 W h Lcatholyte−1 and power density up to ∼159 mW cmgeo.−2 was demonstrated for semi-solid ZnO/Ni(OH)2 electrodes, and coulombic efficiency of 94% was achieved during cycling by optimizing the charging protocol to 60% SOC of Ni(OH)2. Lastly, semi-solid ZnO and Ni(OH)2 flow cells were built and tested using an intermittent mode of operation. The high energy and power densities, high coulombic efficiency, and negligible pumping loss of the Zn–Ni semi-solid electrodes developed in the present work present a promising system for further development. 2020-06-12T13:22:16Z 2020-06-12T13:22:16Z 2020-06 2020-01 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 2398-4902 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/125776 Zhu, Yun Guang et al. "High-energy and high-power Zn–Ni flow batteries with semi-solid electrodes." Sustainable Energy and Fuels (June 2020) © 2020 The Royal Society of Chemistry http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0se00675k Sustainable Energy and Fuels Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 unported license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ application/pdf Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) Sarah McKeever |
| spellingShingle | Zhu, Yun Guang Narayanan, Thaneer Malai Tulodziecki, Michal Sanchez-Casalongue, Hernan Horn, Quinn C. Meda, Laura Yang, Yu Sun, Jame Regier, Tom McKinley, Gareth H Shao-Horn, Yang High-energy and high-power Zn–Ni flow batteries with semi-solid electrodes |
| title | High-energy and high-power Zn–Ni flow batteries with semi-solid electrodes |
| title_full | High-energy and high-power Zn–Ni flow batteries with semi-solid electrodes |
| title_fullStr | High-energy and high-power Zn–Ni flow batteries with semi-solid electrodes |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-energy and high-power Zn–Ni flow batteries with semi-solid electrodes |
| title_short | High-energy and high-power Zn–Ni flow batteries with semi-solid electrodes |
| title_sort | high energy and high power zn ni flow batteries with semi solid electrodes |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/125776 |
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