Seismic and numerical constraints on the formation and evolution of ocean lithosphere
Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2019
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | eng |
| Published: |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2020
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127722 |
| _version_ | 1811068950857908224 |
|---|---|
| author | Mark, Hannah F. |
| author2 | Daniel Lizarralde. |
| author_facet | Daniel Lizarralde. Mark, Hannah F. |
| author_sort | Mark, Hannah F. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2019 |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T08:03:21Z |
| format | Thesis |
| id | mit-1721.1/127722 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | eng |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T08:03:21Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1277222020-09-26T04:07:58Z Seismic and numerical constraints on the formation and evolution of ocean lithosphere Mark, Hannah F. Daniel Lizarralde. Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering. Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Ocean. Lithosphere. Anisotropy. Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2019 Cataloged from PDF of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 151-174). This thesis explicates aspects of the basic structure of oceanic lithosphere that are shaped by the processes that form the lithosphere. The strength of lithospheric plates relative to the underlying mantle enables the surface plate motions and plate boundary processes that characterize plate tectonics on Earth. Surprisingly, we have a relatively poor understanding of the physical mechanisms that make the lithosphere strong relative to the asthenosphere, and we lack a reference model for ordinary lithospheric structure that can serve as a baseline for comparing geophysical observations across locations. Chapters 2 and 3 of this thesis investigate the seismic structure of a portion of the Pacific plate where the simple tectonic history of the plate suggests that its structure can be used as a reference model for oceanic lithosphere. We present measurements of shallow azimuthal seismic anisotropy, and of a seismic discontinuity in the upper mantle, that reflect the effects of shear deformation and melting processes involved in the formation of the lithosphere at mid-ocean ridges. Chapter 4 uses numerical models to explore factors controlling fault slip behavior on normal faults that accommodate tectonic extension during plate formation. by Hannah F. Mark. Ph. D. Ph.D. Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) 2020-09-25T20:04:42Z 2020-09-25T20:04:42Z 2019 2019 Thesis https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127722 1196234317 eng MIT theses may be protected by copyright. Please reuse MIT thesis content according to the MIT Libraries Permissions Policy, which is available through the URL provided. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 174 pages application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| spellingShingle | Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering. Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Ocean. Lithosphere. Anisotropy. Mark, Hannah F. Seismic and numerical constraints on the formation and evolution of ocean lithosphere |
| title | Seismic and numerical constraints on the formation and evolution of ocean lithosphere |
| title_full | Seismic and numerical constraints on the formation and evolution of ocean lithosphere |
| title_fullStr | Seismic and numerical constraints on the formation and evolution of ocean lithosphere |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seismic and numerical constraints on the formation and evolution of ocean lithosphere |
| title_short | Seismic and numerical constraints on the formation and evolution of ocean lithosphere |
| title_sort | seismic and numerical constraints on the formation and evolution of ocean lithosphere |
| topic | Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering. Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Ocean. Lithosphere. Anisotropy. |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127722 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT markhannahf seismicandnumericalconstraintsontheformationandevolutionofoceanlithosphere |