Synaptic Properties and Plasticity Mechanisms of Invertebrate Tonic and Phasic Neurons
Defining neuronal cell types and their associated biophysical and synaptic diversity has become an important goal in neuroscience as a mechanism to create comprehensive brain cell atlases in the post-genomic age. Beyond broad classification such as neurotransmitter expression, interneuron vs. pyrami...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media SA
2021
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129428 |
| _version_ | 1826202664196636672 |
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| author | Aponte Santiago, Nicole Ann Littleton, J. Troy |
| author2 | Picower Institute for Learning and Memory |
| author_facet | Picower Institute for Learning and Memory Aponte Santiago, Nicole Ann Littleton, J. Troy |
| author_sort | Aponte Santiago, Nicole Ann |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Defining neuronal cell types and their associated biophysical and synaptic diversity has become an important goal in neuroscience as a mechanism to create comprehensive brain cell atlases in the post-genomic age. Beyond broad classification such as neurotransmitter expression, interneuron vs. pyramidal, sensory or motor, the field is still in the early stages of understanding closely related cell types. In both vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems, one well-described distinction related to firing characteristics and synaptic release properties are tonic and phasic neuronal subtypes. In vertebrates, these classes were defined based on sustained firing responses during stimulation (tonic) vs. transient responses that rapidly adapt (phasic). In crustaceans, the distinction expanded to include synaptic release properties, with tonic motoneurons displaying sustained firing and weaker synapses that undergo short-term facilitation to maintain muscle contraction and posture. In contrast, phasic motoneurons with stronger synapses showed rapid depression and were recruited for short bursts during fast locomotion. Tonic and phasic motoneurons with similarities to those in crustaceans have been characterized in Drosophila, allowing the genetic toolkit associated with this model to be used for dissecting the unique properties and plasticity mechanisms for these neuronal subtypes. This review outlines general properties of invertebrate tonic and phasic motoneurons and highlights recent advances that characterize distinct synaptic and plasticity pathways associated with two closely related glutamatergic neuronal cell types that drive invertebrate locomotion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T12:13:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/129428 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T12:13:09Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1294282022-09-28T00:46:22Z Synaptic Properties and Plasticity Mechanisms of Invertebrate Tonic and Phasic Neurons Aponte Santiago, Nicole Ann Littleton, J. Troy Picower Institute for Learning and Memory Defining neuronal cell types and their associated biophysical and synaptic diversity has become an important goal in neuroscience as a mechanism to create comprehensive brain cell atlases in the post-genomic age. Beyond broad classification such as neurotransmitter expression, interneuron vs. pyramidal, sensory or motor, the field is still in the early stages of understanding closely related cell types. In both vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems, one well-described distinction related to firing characteristics and synaptic release properties are tonic and phasic neuronal subtypes. In vertebrates, these classes were defined based on sustained firing responses during stimulation (tonic) vs. transient responses that rapidly adapt (phasic). In crustaceans, the distinction expanded to include synaptic release properties, with tonic motoneurons displaying sustained firing and weaker synapses that undergo short-term facilitation to maintain muscle contraction and posture. In contrast, phasic motoneurons with stronger synapses showed rapid depression and were recruited for short bursts during fast locomotion. Tonic and phasic motoneurons with similarities to those in crustaceans have been characterized in Drosophila, allowing the genetic toolkit associated with this model to be used for dissecting the unique properties and plasticity mechanisms for these neuronal subtypes. This review outlines general properties of invertebrate tonic and phasic motoneurons and highlights recent advances that characterize distinct synaptic and plasticity pathways associated with two closely related glutamatergic neuronal cell types that drive invertebrate locomotion. NIH (Grants NS40296 and MH104536) 2021-01-14T21:11:27Z 2021-01-14T21:11:27Z 2020-12 2020-09 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1664-042X https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129428 Aponte-Santiago, Nicole A. and J. Troy Littleton. "Synaptic Properties and Plasticity Mechanisms of Invertebrate Tonic and Phasic Neurons." Frontiers in Physiology 11 (December 2020): 611982. © 2020 The Authors https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.611982 Frontiers in Physiology Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf Frontiers Media SA Frontiers |
| spellingShingle | Aponte Santiago, Nicole Ann Littleton, J. Troy Synaptic Properties and Plasticity Mechanisms of Invertebrate Tonic and Phasic Neurons |
| title | Synaptic Properties and Plasticity Mechanisms of Invertebrate Tonic and Phasic Neurons |
| title_full | Synaptic Properties and Plasticity Mechanisms of Invertebrate Tonic and Phasic Neurons |
| title_fullStr | Synaptic Properties and Plasticity Mechanisms of Invertebrate Tonic and Phasic Neurons |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synaptic Properties and Plasticity Mechanisms of Invertebrate Tonic and Phasic Neurons |
| title_short | Synaptic Properties and Plasticity Mechanisms of Invertebrate Tonic and Phasic Neurons |
| title_sort | synaptic properties and plasticity mechanisms of invertebrate tonic and phasic neurons |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129428 |
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