Graphene-based Josephson junction microwave bolometer
Sensitive microwave detectors are essential in radioastronomy1, dark-matter axion searches2 and superconducting quantum information science3,4. The conventional strategy to obtain higher-sensitivity bolometry is the nanofabrication of ever smaller devices to augment the thermal response5–7. However,...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
2021
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129674 |
| _version_ | 1826210856988311552 |
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| author | Walsh, Evan Daniel Englund, Dirk R. |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Walsh, Evan Daniel Englund, Dirk R. |
| author_sort | Walsh, Evan Daniel |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Sensitive microwave detectors are essential in radioastronomy1, dark-matter axion searches2 and superconducting quantum information science3,4. The conventional strategy to obtain higher-sensitivity bolometry is the nanofabrication of ever smaller devices to augment the thermal response5–7. However, it is difficult to obtain efficient photon coupling and to maintain the material properties in a device with a large surface-to-volume ratio owing to surface contamination. Here we present an ultimately thin bolometric sensor based on monolayer graphene. To utilize the minute electronic specific heat and thermal conductivity of graphene, we develop a superconductor–graphene–superconductor Josephson junction8–13 bolometer embedded in a microwave resonator with a resonance frequency of 7.9 gigahertz and over 99 per cent coupling efficiency. The dependence of the Josephson switching current on the operating temperature, charge density, input power and frequency shows a noise-equivalent power of 7 × 10−19 watts per square-root hertz, which corresponds to an energy resolution of a single 32-gigahertz photon14, reaching the fundamental limit imposed by intrinsic thermal fluctuations at 0.19 kelvin. Our results establish that two-dimensional materials could enable the development of bolometers with the highest sensitivity allowed by the laws of thermodynamics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T14:56:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/129674 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T14:56:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1296742022-10-01T23:31:57Z Graphene-based Josephson junction microwave bolometer Walsh, Evan Daniel Englund, Dirk R. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Sensitive microwave detectors are essential in radioastronomy1, dark-matter axion searches2 and superconducting quantum information science3,4. The conventional strategy to obtain higher-sensitivity bolometry is the nanofabrication of ever smaller devices to augment the thermal response5–7. However, it is difficult to obtain efficient photon coupling and to maintain the material properties in a device with a large surface-to-volume ratio owing to surface contamination. Here we present an ultimately thin bolometric sensor based on monolayer graphene. To utilize the minute electronic specific heat and thermal conductivity of graphene, we develop a superconductor–graphene–superconductor Josephson junction8–13 bolometer embedded in a microwave resonator with a resonance frequency of 7.9 gigahertz and over 99 per cent coupling efficiency. The dependence of the Josephson switching current on the operating temperature, charge density, input power and frequency shows a noise-equivalent power of 7 × 10−19 watts per square-root hertz, which corresponds to an energy resolution of a single 32-gigahertz photon14, reaching the fundamental limit imposed by intrinsic thermal fluctuations at 0.19 kelvin. Our results establish that two-dimensional materials could enable the development of bolometers with the highest sensitivity allowed by the laws of thermodynamics. 2021-02-04T14:45:35Z 2021-02-04T14:45:35Z 2020-09 2020-12-11T18:16:47Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0028-0836 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129674 Lee, Gil-Ho et al. “Graphene-based Josephson junction microwave bolometer.” Nature, 586, 7828 (September 2020): 42–46 © 2020 The Author(s) en 10.1038/s41586-020-2752-4 Nature Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf Springer Science and Business Media LLC arXiv |
| spellingShingle | Walsh, Evan Daniel Englund, Dirk R. Graphene-based Josephson junction microwave bolometer |
| title | Graphene-based Josephson junction microwave bolometer |
| title_full | Graphene-based Josephson junction microwave bolometer |
| title_fullStr | Graphene-based Josephson junction microwave bolometer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Graphene-based Josephson junction microwave bolometer |
| title_short | Graphene-based Josephson junction microwave bolometer |
| title_sort | graphene based josephson junction microwave bolometer |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129674 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT walshevandaniel graphenebasedjosephsonjunctionmicrowavebolometer AT englunddirkr graphenebasedjosephsonjunctionmicrowavebolometer |