Two Different Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) Risks for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies
COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) disease severity and stages varies from asymptomatic, mild flu-like symptoms, moderate, severe, critical, and chronic disease. COVID-19 disease progression include lymphopenia, elevated proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils in lun...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media
2021
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130232 |
| _version_ | 1826207727090663424 |
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| author | Ricke, Darrell O. |
| author2 | Lincoln Laboratory |
| author_facet | Lincoln Laboratory Ricke, Darrell O. |
| author_sort | Ricke, Darrell O. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) disease severity and stages varies from asymptomatic, mild flu-like symptoms, moderate, severe, critical, and chronic disease. COVID-19 disease progression include lymphopenia, elevated proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils in lungs, immune dysregulation, cytokine storms, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), etc. Development of vaccines to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and other coronavirus has been difficult to create due to vaccine induced enhanced disease responses in animal models. Multiple betacoronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 expand cellular tropism by infecting some phagocytic cells (immature macrophages and dendritic cells) via antibody bound Fc receptor uptake of virus. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) may be involved in the clinical observation of increased severity of symptoms associated with early high levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patients. Infants with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 may also have ADE caused by maternally acquired SARS-CoV-2 antibodies bound to mast cells. ADE risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 has implications for COVID-19 and MIS-C treatments, B-cell vaccines, SARS-CoV-2 antibody therapy, and convalescent plasma therapy for patients. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies bound to mast cells may be involved in MIS-C and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) following initial COVID-19 infection. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies bound to Fc receptors on macrophages and mast cells may represent two different mechanisms for ADE in patients. These two different ADE risks have possible implications for SARS-CoV-2 B-cell vaccines for subsets of populations based on age, cross-reactive antibodies, variabilities in antibody levels over time, and pregnancy. These models place increased emphasis on the importance of developing safe SARS-CoV-2 T cell vaccines that are not dependent upon antibodies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:54:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/130232 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:54:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1302322022-09-28T16:55:49Z Two Different Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) Risks for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Ricke, Darrell O. Lincoln Laboratory COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) disease severity and stages varies from asymptomatic, mild flu-like symptoms, moderate, severe, critical, and chronic disease. COVID-19 disease progression include lymphopenia, elevated proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils in lungs, immune dysregulation, cytokine storms, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), etc. Development of vaccines to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and other coronavirus has been difficult to create due to vaccine induced enhanced disease responses in animal models. Multiple betacoronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 expand cellular tropism by infecting some phagocytic cells (immature macrophages and dendritic cells) via antibody bound Fc receptor uptake of virus. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) may be involved in the clinical observation of increased severity of symptoms associated with early high levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patients. Infants with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 may also have ADE caused by maternally acquired SARS-CoV-2 antibodies bound to mast cells. ADE risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 has implications for COVID-19 and MIS-C treatments, B-cell vaccines, SARS-CoV-2 antibody therapy, and convalescent plasma therapy for patients. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies bound to mast cells may be involved in MIS-C and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) following initial COVID-19 infection. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies bound to Fc receptors on macrophages and mast cells may represent two different mechanisms for ADE in patients. These two different ADE risks have possible implications for SARS-CoV-2 B-cell vaccines for subsets of populations based on age, cross-reactive antibodies, variabilities in antibody levels over time, and pregnancy. These models place increased emphasis on the importance of developing safe SARS-CoV-2 T cell vaccines that are not dependent upon antibodies. 2021-03-22T22:05:52Z 2021-03-22T22:05:52Z 2021-02 2020-12 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1664-3224 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130232 Ricke, Darrell O. "Two Different Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) Risks for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies." Frontiers in Immunology 12 (February 2021): 640093. © 2021 Ricke https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.640093 Frontiers in Immunology Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf Frontiers Media Frontiers |
| spellingShingle | Ricke, Darrell O. Two Different Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) Risks for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies |
| title | Two Different Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) Risks for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies |
| title_full | Two Different Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) Risks for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies |
| title_fullStr | Two Different Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) Risks for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Two Different Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) Risks for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies |
| title_short | Two Different Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) Risks for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies |
| title_sort | two different antibody dependent enhancement ade risks for sars cov 2 antibodies |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130232 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rickedarrello twodifferentantibodydependentenhancementaderisksforsarscov2antibodies |