The hydrogen epoch of reionization array dish III: measuring chromaticity of prototype element with reflectometry
Abstract Spectral structures due to the instrument response is the current limiting factor for the experiments attempting to detect the redshifted 21 cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Recent advances in the delay spectrum methodology for measuring the redshifted 21 cm Eo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer Netherlands
2021
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131770 |
| _version_ | 1826195345875402752 |
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| author | Patra, Nipanjana Parsons, Aaron R DeBoer, David R Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan Ewall-Wice, Aaron Hsyu, Gilbert Leung, Tsz K Day, Cherie K de Lera Acedo, Eloy Aguirre, James E Alexander, Paul Ali, Zaki S Beardsley, Adam P Bowman, Judd D Bradley, Richard F |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics Patra, Nipanjana Parsons, Aaron R DeBoer, David R Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan Ewall-Wice, Aaron Hsyu, Gilbert Leung, Tsz K Day, Cherie K de Lera Acedo, Eloy Aguirre, James E Alexander, Paul Ali, Zaki S Beardsley, Adam P Bowman, Judd D Bradley, Richard F |
| author_sort | Patra, Nipanjana |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Abstract
Spectral structures due to the instrument response is the current limiting factor for the experiments attempting to detect the redshifted 21 cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Recent advances in the delay spectrum methodology for measuring the redshifted 21 cm EoR power spectrum brought new attention to the impact of an antenna’s frequency response on the viability of making this challenging measurement. The delay spectrum methodology provides a somewhat straightforward relationship between the time-domain response of an instrument that can be directly measured and the power spectrum modes accessible to a 21 cm EoR experiment. In this paper, we derive the explicit relationship between antenna reflection coefficient (S11) measurements made by a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and the extent of additional foreground contaminations in delay space. In the light of this mathematical framework, we examine the chromaticity of a prototype antenna element that will constitute the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) between 100 and 200 MHz. These reflectometry measurements exhibit additional structures relative to electromagnetic simulations, but we find that even without any further design improvement, such an antenna element will support measuring spatial k modes with line-of-sight components of k∥ > 0.2h Mpc− 1. We also find that when combined with the powerful inverse covariance weighting method used in optimal quadratic estimation of redshifted 21 cm power spectra the HERA prototype elements can successfully measure the power spectrum at spatial modes as low as k∥ > 0.1h Mpc− 1. This work represents a major step toward understanding the HERA antenna element and highlights a straightforward method for characterizing instrument response for future experiments designed to detect the 21 cm EoR power spectrum. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:11:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/131770 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:11:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Springer Netherlands |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1317702023-09-28T20:07:39Z The hydrogen epoch of reionization array dish III: measuring chromaticity of prototype element with reflectometry Patra, Nipanjana Parsons, Aaron R DeBoer, David R Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan Ewall-Wice, Aaron Hsyu, Gilbert Leung, Tsz K Day, Cherie K de Lera Acedo, Eloy Aguirre, James E Alexander, Paul Ali, Zaki S Beardsley, Adam P Bowman, Judd D Bradley, Richard F Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics Abstract Spectral structures due to the instrument response is the current limiting factor for the experiments attempting to detect the redshifted 21 cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Recent advances in the delay spectrum methodology for measuring the redshifted 21 cm EoR power spectrum brought new attention to the impact of an antenna’s frequency response on the viability of making this challenging measurement. The delay spectrum methodology provides a somewhat straightforward relationship between the time-domain response of an instrument that can be directly measured and the power spectrum modes accessible to a 21 cm EoR experiment. In this paper, we derive the explicit relationship between antenna reflection coefficient (S11) measurements made by a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and the extent of additional foreground contaminations in delay space. In the light of this mathematical framework, we examine the chromaticity of a prototype antenna element that will constitute the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) between 100 and 200 MHz. These reflectometry measurements exhibit additional structures relative to electromagnetic simulations, but we find that even without any further design improvement, such an antenna element will support measuring spatial k modes with line-of-sight components of k∥ > 0.2h Mpc− 1. We also find that when combined with the powerful inverse covariance weighting method used in optimal quadratic estimation of redshifted 21 cm power spectra the HERA prototype elements can successfully measure the power spectrum at spatial modes as low as k∥ > 0.1h Mpc− 1. This work represents a major step toward understanding the HERA antenna element and highlights a straightforward method for characterizing instrument response for future experiments designed to detect the 21 cm EoR power spectrum. 2021-09-20T17:30:12Z 2021-09-20T17:30:12Z 2018-03-02 2020-09-24T20:37:21Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131770 en https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-017-9563-0 Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature application/pdf Springer Netherlands Springer Netherlands |
| spellingShingle | Patra, Nipanjana Parsons, Aaron R DeBoer, David R Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan Ewall-Wice, Aaron Hsyu, Gilbert Leung, Tsz K Day, Cherie K de Lera Acedo, Eloy Aguirre, James E Alexander, Paul Ali, Zaki S Beardsley, Adam P Bowman, Judd D Bradley, Richard F The hydrogen epoch of reionization array dish III: measuring chromaticity of prototype element with reflectometry |
| title | The hydrogen epoch of reionization array dish III: measuring chromaticity of prototype element with reflectometry |
| title_full | The hydrogen epoch of reionization array dish III: measuring chromaticity of prototype element with reflectometry |
| title_fullStr | The hydrogen epoch of reionization array dish III: measuring chromaticity of prototype element with reflectometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | The hydrogen epoch of reionization array dish III: measuring chromaticity of prototype element with reflectometry |
| title_short | The hydrogen epoch of reionization array dish III: measuring chromaticity of prototype element with reflectometry |
| title_sort | hydrogen epoch of reionization array dish iii measuring chromaticity of prototype element with reflectometry |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131770 |
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