Broadband X-Ray Observation of Broad-line Radio Galaxy 3C 109
© 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. We present a study of the central engine in the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 109. To investigate the immediate surrounding of this accreting, supermassive black hole, we perform a multiepoch broadband spectral analysis of a joint NuSTAR/X...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Astronomical Society
2021
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/132449 |
| _version_ | 1826206242053292032 |
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| author | Chalise, S Lohfink, AM Kara, E Fabian, AC |
| author_facet | Chalise, S Lohfink, AM Kara, E Fabian, AC |
| author_sort | Chalise, S |
| collection | MIT |
| description | © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. We present a study of the central engine in the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 109. To investigate the immediate surrounding of this accreting, supermassive black hole, we perform a multiepoch broadband spectral analysis of a joint NuSTAR/XMM observation (2017), an archival XMM observation (2005) and the 105 month averaged Swift-BAT data. We are able to clearly separate the spectrum into a primary continuum, neutral and ionized absorption, and a reflection component. The photon index of the primary continuum has changed since 2005 (Γ=1.61-0.01+0.02to 1.54± 0.02), while other components remain unchanged, indicative of minimal geometric changes to the central engine. We constrain the high-energy cutoff of 3C 109 (Ecut=49-5+7keV ) for the first time. The reflector is found to be ionized (log ξ = 2.3-0.2+0.1) but no relativistic blurring is required by the data. Spectral energy distribution (SED) analysis confirms the super-Eddington nature of 3C 109 initially (λ Edd > 2.09). However, we do not find any evidence for strong reflection (R = 0.18-0.03+0.04) or a steep power-law index, as expected from a super-Eddington source. This puts the existing virial mass estimate of 2 ×108 M o˙ into question. We explore additional ways of estimating the Eddington ratio, some of which we find to be inconsistent with our initial SED estimate. We obtain a new black hole mass estimate of 9.3 ×108 M o˙, which brings all Eddington ratio estimates into agreement and does not require 3C 109 to be super-Eddington. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:26:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/132449 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:26:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | American Astronomical Society |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1324492021-09-21T03:29:37Z Broadband X-Ray Observation of Broad-line Radio Galaxy 3C 109 Chalise, S Lohfink, AM Kara, E Fabian, AC © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. We present a study of the central engine in the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 109. To investigate the immediate surrounding of this accreting, supermassive black hole, we perform a multiepoch broadband spectral analysis of a joint NuSTAR/XMM observation (2017), an archival XMM observation (2005) and the 105 month averaged Swift-BAT data. We are able to clearly separate the spectrum into a primary continuum, neutral and ionized absorption, and a reflection component. The photon index of the primary continuum has changed since 2005 (Γ=1.61-0.01+0.02to 1.54± 0.02), while other components remain unchanged, indicative of minimal geometric changes to the central engine. We constrain the high-energy cutoff of 3C 109 (Ecut=49-5+7keV ) for the first time. The reflector is found to be ionized (log ξ = 2.3-0.2+0.1) but no relativistic blurring is required by the data. Spectral energy distribution (SED) analysis confirms the super-Eddington nature of 3C 109 initially (λ Edd > 2.09). However, we do not find any evidence for strong reflection (R = 0.18-0.03+0.04) or a steep power-law index, as expected from a super-Eddington source. This puts the existing virial mass estimate of 2 ×108 M o˙ into question. We explore additional ways of estimating the Eddington ratio, some of which we find to be inconsistent with our initial SED estimate. We obtain a new black hole mass estimate of 9.3 ×108 M o˙, which brings all Eddington ratio estimates into agreement and does not require 3C 109 to be super-Eddington. 2021-09-20T18:22:28Z 2021-09-20T18:22:28Z 2020-10-30T16:49:44Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/132449 en 10.3847/1538-4357/ab94a2 Astrophysical Journal Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf American Astronomical Society The American Astronomical Society |
| spellingShingle | Chalise, S Lohfink, AM Kara, E Fabian, AC Broadband X-Ray Observation of Broad-line Radio Galaxy 3C 109 |
| title | Broadband X-Ray Observation of Broad-line Radio Galaxy 3C 109 |
| title_full | Broadband X-Ray Observation of Broad-line Radio Galaxy 3C 109 |
| title_fullStr | Broadband X-Ray Observation of Broad-line Radio Galaxy 3C 109 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Broadband X-Ray Observation of Broad-line Radio Galaxy 3C 109 |
| title_short | Broadband X-Ray Observation of Broad-line Radio Galaxy 3C 109 |
| title_sort | broadband x ray observation of broad line radio galaxy 3c 109 |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/132449 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chalises broadbandxrayobservationofbroadlineradiogalaxy3c109 AT lohfinkam broadbandxrayobservationofbroadlineradiogalaxy3c109 AT karae broadbandxrayobservationofbroadlineradiogalaxy3c109 AT fabianac broadbandxrayobservationofbroadlineradiogalaxy3c109 |