Emergence of Southern Hemisphere stratospheric circulation changes in response to ozone recovery
Depletion of stratospheric ozone in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) during the late twentieth century cooled local air temperature, which resulted in stronger stratospheric westerly winds near 60° S and altered SH surface climate. However, Antarctic ozone has been recovering since around 2001 thanks to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer Science and Business Media LLC
2021
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/133141 |
| _version_ | 1811094791922909184 |
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| author | Zambri, Brian Solomon, Susan Thompson, David W. J. Fu, Qiang |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Zambri, Brian Solomon, Susan Thompson, David W. J. Fu, Qiang |
| author_sort | Zambri, Brian |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Depletion of stratospheric ozone in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) during the late twentieth century cooled local air temperature, which resulted in stronger stratospheric westerly winds near 60° S and altered SH surface climate. However, Antarctic ozone has been recovering since around 2001 thanks to the implementation of the Montreal Protocol, which banned production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances. Here we show that the post-2001 increase in ozone has resulted in significant changes to trends in SH temperature and circulation. The trends are generally of opposite sign to those that resulted from stratospheric ozone losses, including a warming of the SH polar lower stratosphere and a weakening of the SH stratospheric polar vortex. Observed post-2001 trends of temperature and circulation in the stratosphere are about 50–75% smaller in magnitude than the trends during the ozone depletion era. The response is broadly consistent with expectations based on modelled depletion-era trends and variability of both ozone and reactive chlorine. The differences in observed stratospheric trends between the recovery and depletion periods are statistically significant (P < 0.05), providing evidence for the emergence of dynamical impacts of the healing of the Antarctic ozone hole. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:04:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/133141 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:04:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1331412022-09-29T18:08:41Z Emergence of Southern Hemisphere stratospheric circulation changes in response to ozone recovery Zambri, Brian Solomon, Susan Thompson, David W. J. Fu, Qiang Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry Depletion of stratospheric ozone in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) during the late twentieth century cooled local air temperature, which resulted in stronger stratospheric westerly winds near 60° S and altered SH surface climate. However, Antarctic ozone has been recovering since around 2001 thanks to the implementation of the Montreal Protocol, which banned production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances. Here we show that the post-2001 increase in ozone has resulted in significant changes to trends in SH temperature and circulation. The trends are generally of opposite sign to those that resulted from stratospheric ozone losses, including a warming of the SH polar lower stratosphere and a weakening of the SH stratospheric polar vortex. Observed post-2001 trends of temperature and circulation in the stratosphere are about 50–75% smaller in magnitude than the trends during the ozone depletion era. The response is broadly consistent with expectations based on modelled depletion-era trends and variability of both ozone and reactive chlorine. The differences in observed stratospheric trends between the recovery and depletion periods are statistically significant (P < 0.05), providing evidence for the emergence of dynamical impacts of the healing of the Antarctic ozone hole. NSF (Grants 1539972, 1848863) 2021-10-27T14:11:31Z 2021-10-27T14:11:31Z 2021-08 2019-12 2021-10-26T17:37:42Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1752-0908 1752-0894 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/133141 Zambri, Brian et al. "Emergence of Southern Hemisphere stratospheric circulation changes in response to ozone recovery." Nature Geoscience 14, 9 (August 2021): 638–644. © 2021 The Author(s) en http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00803-3 Nature Geoscience Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf Springer Science and Business Media LLC Prof. Solomon |
| spellingShingle | Zambri, Brian Solomon, Susan Thompson, David W. J. Fu, Qiang Emergence of Southern Hemisphere stratospheric circulation changes in response to ozone recovery |
| title | Emergence of Southern Hemisphere stratospheric circulation changes in response to ozone recovery |
| title_full | Emergence of Southern Hemisphere stratospheric circulation changes in response to ozone recovery |
| title_fullStr | Emergence of Southern Hemisphere stratospheric circulation changes in response to ozone recovery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emergence of Southern Hemisphere stratospheric circulation changes in response to ozone recovery |
| title_short | Emergence of Southern Hemisphere stratospheric circulation changes in response to ozone recovery |
| title_sort | emergence of southern hemisphere stratospheric circulation changes in response to ozone recovery |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/133141 |
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