Exploring the Atmospheric Dynamics of the Extreme Ultrahot Jupiter KELT-9b Using TESS Photometry
© 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. We carry out a phase-curve analysis of the KELT-9 system using photometric observations from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The measured secondary eclipse depth and peak-to-peak atmospheric brightness modulat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Astronomical Society
2021
|
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/134317 |
| _version_ | 1826207355279245312 |
|---|---|
| author | Wong, Ian Shporer, Avi Kitzmann, Daniel Morris, Brett M Heng, Kevin Hoeijmakers, H Jens Demory, Brice-Olivier Ahlers, John P Mansfield, Megan Bean, Jacob L Daylan, Tansu Fetherolf, Tara Rodriguez, Joseph E Benneke, Björn Ricker, George R Latham, David W Vanderspek, Roland Seager, Sara Winn, Joshua N Jenkins, Jon M Burke, Christopher J Christiansen, Jessie L Essack, Zahra Rose, Mark E Smith, Jeffrey C Tenenbaum, Peter Yahalomi, Daniel |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Wong, Ian Shporer, Avi Kitzmann, Daniel Morris, Brett M Heng, Kevin Hoeijmakers, H Jens Demory, Brice-Olivier Ahlers, John P Mansfield, Megan Bean, Jacob L Daylan, Tansu Fetherolf, Tara Rodriguez, Joseph E Benneke, Björn Ricker, George R Latham, David W Vanderspek, Roland Seager, Sara Winn, Joshua N Jenkins, Jon M Burke, Christopher J Christiansen, Jessie L Essack, Zahra Rose, Mark E Smith, Jeffrey C Tenenbaum, Peter Yahalomi, Daniel |
| author_sort | Wong, Ian |
| collection | MIT |
| description | © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. We carry out a phase-curve analysis of the KELT-9 system using photometric observations from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The measured secondary eclipse depth and peak-to-peak atmospheric brightness modulation are and 566 16 ppm, respectively. The planet's brightness variation reaches maximum 31 5 minutes before the midpoint of the secondary eclipse, indicating a 5.2 0.9 eastward shift in the dayside hot spot from the substellar point. We also detect stellar pulsations on KELT-9 with a period of 7.58695 0.00091 hr. The dayside emission of KELT-9b in the TESS bandpass is consistent with a blackbody brightness temperature of 4600 100 K. The corresponding nightside brightness temperature is 3040 100 K, comparable to the dayside temperatures of the hottest known exoplanets. In addition, we detect a significant phase-curve signal at the first harmonic of the orbital frequency and a marginal signal at the second harmonic. While the amplitude of the first harmonic component is consistent with the predicted ellipsoidal distortion modulation assuming equilibrium tides, the phase of this photometric variation is shifted relative to the expectation. Placing KELT-9b in the context of other exoplanets with phase-curve observations, we find that the elevated nightside temperature and relatively low day-night temperature contrast agree with the predictions of atmospheric models that include H2 dissociation and recombination. The nightside temperature of KELT-9b implies an atmospheric composition containing about 50% molecular and 50% atomic hydrogen at 0.1 bar, a nightside emission spectrum that deviates significantly from a blackbody, and a 0.5-2.0 μm transmission spectrum that is featureless at low resolution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:48:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/134317 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:48:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | American Astronomical Society |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1343172023-07-19T20:35:03Z Exploring the Atmospheric Dynamics of the Extreme Ultrahot Jupiter KELT-9b Using TESS Photometry Wong, Ian Shporer, Avi Kitzmann, Daniel Morris, Brett M Heng, Kevin Hoeijmakers, H Jens Demory, Brice-Olivier Ahlers, John P Mansfield, Megan Bean, Jacob L Daylan, Tansu Fetherolf, Tara Rodriguez, Joseph E Benneke, Björn Ricker, George R Latham, David W Vanderspek, Roland Seager, Sara Winn, Joshua N Jenkins, Jon M Burke, Christopher J Christiansen, Jessie L Essack, Zahra Rose, Mark E Smith, Jeffrey C Tenenbaum, Peter Yahalomi, Daniel Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. We carry out a phase-curve analysis of the KELT-9 system using photometric observations from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The measured secondary eclipse depth and peak-to-peak atmospheric brightness modulation are and 566 16 ppm, respectively. The planet's brightness variation reaches maximum 31 5 minutes before the midpoint of the secondary eclipse, indicating a 5.2 0.9 eastward shift in the dayside hot spot from the substellar point. We also detect stellar pulsations on KELT-9 with a period of 7.58695 0.00091 hr. The dayside emission of KELT-9b in the TESS bandpass is consistent with a blackbody brightness temperature of 4600 100 K. The corresponding nightside brightness temperature is 3040 100 K, comparable to the dayside temperatures of the hottest known exoplanets. In addition, we detect a significant phase-curve signal at the first harmonic of the orbital frequency and a marginal signal at the second harmonic. While the amplitude of the first harmonic component is consistent with the predicted ellipsoidal distortion modulation assuming equilibrium tides, the phase of this photometric variation is shifted relative to the expectation. Placing KELT-9b in the context of other exoplanets with phase-curve observations, we find that the elevated nightside temperature and relatively low day-night temperature contrast agree with the predictions of atmospheric models that include H2 dissociation and recombination. The nightside temperature of KELT-9b implies an atmospheric composition containing about 50% molecular and 50% atomic hydrogen at 0.1 bar, a nightside emission spectrum that deviates significantly from a blackbody, and a 0.5-2.0 μm transmission spectrum that is featureless at low resolution. 2021-10-27T20:04:24Z 2021-10-27T20:04:24Z 2020 2021-09-29T18:06:00Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/134317 en 10.3847/1538-3881/ABA2CB Astronomical Journal Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf American Astronomical Society The American Astronomical Society |
| spellingShingle | Wong, Ian Shporer, Avi Kitzmann, Daniel Morris, Brett M Heng, Kevin Hoeijmakers, H Jens Demory, Brice-Olivier Ahlers, John P Mansfield, Megan Bean, Jacob L Daylan, Tansu Fetherolf, Tara Rodriguez, Joseph E Benneke, Björn Ricker, George R Latham, David W Vanderspek, Roland Seager, Sara Winn, Joshua N Jenkins, Jon M Burke, Christopher J Christiansen, Jessie L Essack, Zahra Rose, Mark E Smith, Jeffrey C Tenenbaum, Peter Yahalomi, Daniel Exploring the Atmospheric Dynamics of the Extreme Ultrahot Jupiter KELT-9b Using TESS Photometry |
| title | Exploring the Atmospheric Dynamics of the Extreme Ultrahot Jupiter KELT-9b Using TESS Photometry |
| title_full | Exploring the Atmospheric Dynamics of the Extreme Ultrahot Jupiter KELT-9b Using TESS Photometry |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the Atmospheric Dynamics of the Extreme Ultrahot Jupiter KELT-9b Using TESS Photometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the Atmospheric Dynamics of the Extreme Ultrahot Jupiter KELT-9b Using TESS Photometry |
| title_short | Exploring the Atmospheric Dynamics of the Extreme Ultrahot Jupiter KELT-9b Using TESS Photometry |
| title_sort | exploring the atmospheric dynamics of the extreme ultrahot jupiter kelt 9b using tess photometry |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/134317 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wongian exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT shporeravi exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT kitzmanndaniel exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT morrisbrettm exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT hengkevin exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT hoeijmakershjens exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT demorybriceolivier exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT ahlersjohnp exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT mansfieldmegan exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT beanjacobl exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT daylantansu exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT fetherolftara exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT rodriguezjosephe exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT bennekebjorn exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT rickergeorger exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT lathamdavidw exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT vanderspekroland exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT seagersara exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT winnjoshuan exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT jenkinsjonm exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT burkechristopherj exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT christiansenjessiel exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT essackzahra exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT rosemarke exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT smithjeffreyc exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT tenenbaumpeter exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry AT yahalomidaniel exploringtheatmosphericdynamicsoftheextremeultrahotjupiterkelt9busingtessphotometry |