The large footprint of small-scale artisanal gold mining in Ghana
Gold mining has played a significant role in Ghana's economy for centuries. Regulation of this industry has varied over time and while industrial mining is prevalent in the country, the expansion of artisanal mining, or Galamsey has escalated in recent years. Many of these artisanal mines are n...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier BV
2021
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/135540 |
| _version_ | 1811086589830365184 |
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| author | Barenblitt, Abigail Payton, Amanda Lagomasino, David Fatoyinbo, Lola Asare, Kofi Aidoo, Kenneth Pigott, Hugo Som, Charles Kofi Smeets, Laurent Seidu, Omar Wood, Danielle |
| author_facet | Barenblitt, Abigail Payton, Amanda Lagomasino, David Fatoyinbo, Lola Asare, Kofi Aidoo, Kenneth Pigott, Hugo Som, Charles Kofi Smeets, Laurent Seidu, Omar Wood, Danielle |
| author_sort | Barenblitt, Abigail |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Gold mining has played a significant role in Ghana's economy for centuries. Regulation of this industry has varied over time and while industrial mining is prevalent in the country, the expansion of artisanal mining, or Galamsey has escalated in recent years. Many of these artisanal mines are not only harmful to human health due to the use of Mercury (Hg) in the amalgamation process, but also leave a significant footprint on terrestrial ecosystems, degrading and destroying forested ecosystems in the region. In this study, the Landsat image archive available through Google Earth Engine was used to quantify the total footprint of vegetation loss due to artisanal gold mines in Ghana from 2005 to 2019 and understand how conversion of forested regions to mining has changed over a decadal period from 2007 to 2017. A combination of machine learning and change detection algorithms were used to calculate different land cover conversions and the timing of conversion annually. Within the study area of southwestern Ghana, our results indicate that approximately 47,000 ha (⨦2218 ha) of vegetation were converted to mining at an average rate of ~2600 ha yr-1. The results indicate that a high percentage (~50%) of this mining occurred between 2014 and 2017. Around 700 ha of this mining occurred within protected areas as mapped by the World Database of Protected Areas. In addition to deforestation, increased artisanal mining activity in recent years has the potential to affect human health, access to drinking water resources and food security. This work expands upon limited research into the spatial footprint of Galamsey in Ghana, complements mapping efforts by local geographers, and will support efforts by the government of Ghana to monitor deforestation caused by artisanal mining. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:28:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/135540 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:28:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Elsevier BV |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1355402021-10-28T03:51:32Z The large footprint of small-scale artisanal gold mining in Ghana Barenblitt, Abigail Payton, Amanda Lagomasino, David Fatoyinbo, Lola Asare, Kofi Aidoo, Kenneth Pigott, Hugo Som, Charles Kofi Smeets, Laurent Seidu, Omar Wood, Danielle Gold mining has played a significant role in Ghana's economy for centuries. Regulation of this industry has varied over time and while industrial mining is prevalent in the country, the expansion of artisanal mining, or Galamsey has escalated in recent years. Many of these artisanal mines are not only harmful to human health due to the use of Mercury (Hg) in the amalgamation process, but also leave a significant footprint on terrestrial ecosystems, degrading and destroying forested ecosystems in the region. In this study, the Landsat image archive available through Google Earth Engine was used to quantify the total footprint of vegetation loss due to artisanal gold mines in Ghana from 2005 to 2019 and understand how conversion of forested regions to mining has changed over a decadal period from 2007 to 2017. A combination of machine learning and change detection algorithms were used to calculate different land cover conversions and the timing of conversion annually. Within the study area of southwestern Ghana, our results indicate that approximately 47,000 ha (⨦2218 ha) of vegetation were converted to mining at an average rate of ~2600 ha yr-1. The results indicate that a high percentage (~50%) of this mining occurred between 2014 and 2017. Around 700 ha of this mining occurred within protected areas as mapped by the World Database of Protected Areas. In addition to deforestation, increased artisanal mining activity in recent years has the potential to affect human health, access to drinking water resources and food security. This work expands upon limited research into the spatial footprint of Galamsey in Ghana, complements mapping efforts by local geographers, and will support efforts by the government of Ghana to monitor deforestation caused by artisanal mining. 2021-10-27T20:23:54Z 2021-10-27T20:23:54Z 2021 2021-07-01T17:56:34Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/135540 en 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146644 Science of the Total Environment Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf Elsevier BV Elsevier |
| spellingShingle | Barenblitt, Abigail Payton, Amanda Lagomasino, David Fatoyinbo, Lola Asare, Kofi Aidoo, Kenneth Pigott, Hugo Som, Charles Kofi Smeets, Laurent Seidu, Omar Wood, Danielle The large footprint of small-scale artisanal gold mining in Ghana |
| title | The large footprint of small-scale artisanal gold mining in Ghana |
| title_full | The large footprint of small-scale artisanal gold mining in Ghana |
| title_fullStr | The large footprint of small-scale artisanal gold mining in Ghana |
| title_full_unstemmed | The large footprint of small-scale artisanal gold mining in Ghana |
| title_short | The large footprint of small-scale artisanal gold mining in Ghana |
| title_sort | large footprint of small scale artisanal gold mining in ghana |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/135540 |
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