Egg Incubation Mechanics of Giant Birds
Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to conduct mechanical analyses on eggshells of giant birds, and relate this to the evolution and reproductive behavior of avian species. We aim to (1) investigate mechanical characteristics of eggshell structures of various ratite species, enabling comparisons...
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| Format: | Article |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2022
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/136686.2 |
| _version_ | 1811095531485659136 |
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| author | Yen, An Wu, Hsiao-Jou Chen, Pin-Yi Yu, Hon-Tsen Juang, Jia-Yang |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Yen, An Wu, Hsiao-Jou Chen, Pin-Yi Yu, Hon-Tsen Juang, Jia-Yang |
| author_sort | Yen, An |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to conduct mechanical analyses on eggshells of giant birds, and relate this to the evolution and reproductive behavior of avian species. We aim to (1) investigate mechanical characteristics of eggshell structures of various ratite species, enabling comparisons between species with or without reversed sexual size dimorphism (RSSD); (2) quantify the safety margin provided by RSSD; (3) determine whether the Williams’ egg can have been incubated by an extinct giant bird <i>Genyornis newtoni</i>; (4) determine the theoretical maximum body mass for contact incubation. We use a dimensionless number <i>C</i> to quantify relative shell stiffness with respect to the egg size, allowing for comparison across wide body masses. We find that RSSD in moas significantly increases the safety margin of contact incubation by the lighter males. However, their safety margins are still smaller than those of the moa species without RSSD. Two different strategies were adopted by giant birds—one is RSSD and thinner shells, represented by some moa species; the other is no RSSD and regular shells, represented by the giant elephant bird. Finally, we predicted that the upper limit of body mass for contact incubation was 2000 kg. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:18:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/136686.2 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:18:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/136686.22024-02-22T15:40:24Z Egg Incubation Mechanics of Giant Birds Yen, An Wu, Hsiao-Jou Chen, Pin-Yi Yu, Hon-Tsen Juang, Jia-Yang Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to conduct mechanical analyses on eggshells of giant birds, and relate this to the evolution and reproductive behavior of avian species. We aim to (1) investigate mechanical characteristics of eggshell structures of various ratite species, enabling comparisons between species with or without reversed sexual size dimorphism (RSSD); (2) quantify the safety margin provided by RSSD; (3) determine whether the Williams’ egg can have been incubated by an extinct giant bird <i>Genyornis newtoni</i>; (4) determine the theoretical maximum body mass for contact incubation. We use a dimensionless number <i>C</i> to quantify relative shell stiffness with respect to the egg size, allowing for comparison across wide body masses. We find that RSSD in moas significantly increases the safety margin of contact incubation by the lighter males. However, their safety margins are still smaller than those of the moa species without RSSD. Two different strategies were adopted by giant birds—one is RSSD and thinner shells, represented by some moa species; the other is no RSSD and regular shells, represented by the giant elephant bird. Finally, we predicted that the upper limit of body mass for contact incubation was 2000 kg. 2022-01-20T15:39:44Z 2021-10-28T12:51:24Z 2022-01-20T15:39:44Z 2021-08 2021-06 2021-08-06T15:19:40Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 2079-7737 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/136686.2 Biology 10 (8): 738 (2021) http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10080738 Biology Creative Commons Attribution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/octet-stream Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| spellingShingle | Yen, An Wu, Hsiao-Jou Chen, Pin-Yi Yu, Hon-Tsen Juang, Jia-Yang Egg Incubation Mechanics of Giant Birds |
| title | Egg Incubation Mechanics of Giant Birds |
| title_full | Egg Incubation Mechanics of Giant Birds |
| title_fullStr | Egg Incubation Mechanics of Giant Birds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Egg Incubation Mechanics of Giant Birds |
| title_short | Egg Incubation Mechanics of Giant Birds |
| title_sort | egg incubation mechanics of giant birds |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/136686.2 |
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