Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes
Bacteria and archaea are frequently attacked by viruses and other mobile genetic elements and rely on dedicated antiviral defense systems, such as restriction endonucleases and CRISPR, to survive. The enormous diversity of viruses suggests that more types of defense systems exist than are currently...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
2021
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/138387 |
| _version_ | 1826216025127911424 |
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| author | Gao, Linyi Altae-Tran, Han Böhning, Francisca Makarova, Kira S Segel, Michael Schmid-Burgk, Jonathan L Koob, Jeremy Wolf, Yuri I Koonin, Eugene V Zhang, Feng |
| author2 | Howard Hughes Medical Institute |
| author_facet | Howard Hughes Medical Institute Gao, Linyi Altae-Tran, Han Böhning, Francisca Makarova, Kira S Segel, Michael Schmid-Burgk, Jonathan L Koob, Jeremy Wolf, Yuri I Koonin, Eugene V Zhang, Feng |
| author_sort | Gao, Linyi |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Bacteria and archaea are frequently attacked by viruses and other mobile genetic elements and rely on dedicated antiviral defense systems, such as restriction endonucleases and CRISPR, to survive. The enormous diversity of viruses suggests that more types of defense systems exist than are currently known. By systematic defense gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution, here we discover 29 widespread antiviral gene cassettes, collectively present in 32% of all sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes, that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages. These systems incorporate enzymatic activities not previously implicated in antiviral defense, including RNA editing and retron satellite DNA synthesis. In addition, we computationally predict a diverse set of other putative defense genes that remain to be characterized. These results highlight an immense array of molecular functions that microbes use against viruses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:41:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/138387 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:41:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1383872023-02-15T20:09:09Z Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes Gao, Linyi Altae-Tran, Han Böhning, Francisca Makarova, Kira S Segel, Michael Schmid-Burgk, Jonathan L Koob, Jeremy Wolf, Yuri I Koonin, Eugene V Zhang, Feng Howard Hughes Medical Institute Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Bacteria and archaea are frequently attacked by viruses and other mobile genetic elements and rely on dedicated antiviral defense systems, such as restriction endonucleases and CRISPR, to survive. The enormous diversity of viruses suggests that more types of defense systems exist than are currently known. By systematic defense gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution, here we discover 29 widespread antiviral gene cassettes, collectively present in 32% of all sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes, that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages. These systems incorporate enzymatic activities not previously implicated in antiviral defense, including RNA editing and retron satellite DNA synthesis. In addition, we computationally predict a diverse set of other putative defense genes that remain to be characterized. These results highlight an immense array of molecular functions that microbes use against viruses. 2021-12-08T18:06:14Z 2021-12-08T18:06:14Z 2020 2021-12-08T18:02:39Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/138387 Gao, Linyi, Altae-Tran, Han, Böhning, Francisca, Makarova, Kira S, Segel, Michael et al. 2020. "Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes." Science, 369 (6507). en 10.1126/SCIENCE.ABA0372 Science Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) PMC |
| spellingShingle | Gao, Linyi Altae-Tran, Han Böhning, Francisca Makarova, Kira S Segel, Michael Schmid-Burgk, Jonathan L Koob, Jeremy Wolf, Yuri I Koonin, Eugene V Zhang, Feng Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes |
| title | Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes |
| title_full | Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes |
| title_fullStr | Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes |
| title_short | Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes |
| title_sort | diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/138387 |
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