Technoeconomic model of second-life batteries for utility-scale solar considering calendar and cycle aging
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles is creating a fleet of millions of lithium-ion batteries that will be deemed unsuitable for the transportation industry once they reach 80% of their original capacity. The repurposing and deployment of these batteries as stationary ene...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier BV
2021
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/138486 |
| _version_ | 1826194939251261440 |
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| author | Mathews, Ian Xu, Bolun He, Wei Barreto, Vanessa Buonassisi, Tonio Peters, Ian Marius |
| author_facet | Mathews, Ian Xu, Bolun He, Wei Barreto, Vanessa Buonassisi, Tonio Peters, Ian Marius |
| author_sort | Mathews, Ian |
| collection | MIT |
| description | © 2020 Elsevier Ltd The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles is creating a fleet of millions of lithium-ion batteries that will be deemed unsuitable for the transportation industry once they reach 80% of their original capacity. The repurposing and deployment of these batteries as stationary energy storage provides an opportunity to reduce the cost of solar-plus-storage systems, if the economics can be proven. We present a techno-economic model of a solar-plus-second-life energy storage project in California, including a data-based model of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide battery degradation, to predict its capacity fade over time, and compare it to a project that uses a new lithium-ion battery. By setting certain control policy limits, to minimize cycle aging, we show that a system with state-of-charge limits in a 65–15% range, extends the project life to over 16 years, assuming a battery reaches its end-of-life at 60% of its original capacity. Under these conditions, a second-life project is more economically favorable than a project that uses a new battery and 85–20% state-of-charge limits, for second-life battery costs that are <80% of the new battery. The same system reaches break-even and profitability for second-life battery costs that are <60% of the new battery. Our model shows that using current benchmarked data for the capital and operations and maintenance costs of solar-plus-storage systems, and a semi-empirical data-based degradation model, it is possible for electric vehicle manufacturers to sell second-life batteries for <60% of their original price to developers of profitable solar-plus-storage projects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:04:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/138486 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:04:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Elsevier BV |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1384862021-12-16T03:30:36Z Technoeconomic model of second-life batteries for utility-scale solar considering calendar and cycle aging Mathews, Ian Xu, Bolun He, Wei Barreto, Vanessa Buonassisi, Tonio Peters, Ian Marius © 2020 Elsevier Ltd The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles is creating a fleet of millions of lithium-ion batteries that will be deemed unsuitable for the transportation industry once they reach 80% of their original capacity. The repurposing and deployment of these batteries as stationary energy storage provides an opportunity to reduce the cost of solar-plus-storage systems, if the economics can be proven. We present a techno-economic model of a solar-plus-second-life energy storage project in California, including a data-based model of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide battery degradation, to predict its capacity fade over time, and compare it to a project that uses a new lithium-ion battery. By setting certain control policy limits, to minimize cycle aging, we show that a system with state-of-charge limits in a 65–15% range, extends the project life to over 16 years, assuming a battery reaches its end-of-life at 60% of its original capacity. Under these conditions, a second-life project is more economically favorable than a project that uses a new battery and 85–20% state-of-charge limits, for second-life battery costs that are <80% of the new battery. The same system reaches break-even and profitability for second-life battery costs that are <60% of the new battery. Our model shows that using current benchmarked data for the capital and operations and maintenance costs of solar-plus-storage systems, and a semi-empirical data-based degradation model, it is possible for electric vehicle manufacturers to sell second-life batteries for <60% of their original price to developers of profitable solar-plus-storage projects. 2021-12-15T16:24:14Z 2021-12-15T16:24:14Z 2020 2021-12-15T16:10:50Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/138486 Mathews, Ian, Xu, Bolun, He, Wei, Barreto, Vanessa, Buonassisi, Tonio et al. 2020. "Technoeconomic model of second-life batteries for utility-scale solar considering calendar and cycle aging." Applied Energy, 269. en 10.1016/J.APENERGY.2020.115127 Applied Energy Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ application/pdf Elsevier BV arXiv |
| spellingShingle | Mathews, Ian Xu, Bolun He, Wei Barreto, Vanessa Buonassisi, Tonio Peters, Ian Marius Technoeconomic model of second-life batteries for utility-scale solar considering calendar and cycle aging |
| title | Technoeconomic model of second-life batteries for utility-scale solar considering calendar and cycle aging |
| title_full | Technoeconomic model of second-life batteries for utility-scale solar considering calendar and cycle aging |
| title_fullStr | Technoeconomic model of second-life batteries for utility-scale solar considering calendar and cycle aging |
| title_full_unstemmed | Technoeconomic model of second-life batteries for utility-scale solar considering calendar and cycle aging |
| title_short | Technoeconomic model of second-life batteries for utility-scale solar considering calendar and cycle aging |
| title_sort | technoeconomic model of second life batteries for utility scale solar considering calendar and cycle aging |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/138486 |
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