The Impact of Estrogens and Their Receptors on Immunity and Inflammation during Infection
Sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, are steroid compounds with well-characterized effects on the coordination and development of vertebrate reproductive systems. Since their discovery, however, it has become clear that these “sex hormones” also regulate/influence a b...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Article |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2022
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/140710 |
| _version_ | 1811093248710541312 |
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| author | Harding, Alfred T. Heaton, Nicholas S. |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science Harding, Alfred T. Heaton, Nicholas S. |
| author_sort | Harding, Alfred T. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, are steroid compounds with well-characterized effects on the coordination and development of vertebrate reproductive systems. Since their discovery, however, it has become clear that these “sex hormones” also regulate/influence a broad range of biological functions. In this review, we will summarize some current findings on how estrogens interact with and regulate inflammation and immunity. Specifically, we will focus on describing the mechanisms by which estrogens alter immune pathway activation, the impact of these changes during infection and the development of long-term immunity, and how different types of estrogens and their respective concentrations mediate these outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T15:42:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/140710 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T15:42:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1407102024-03-19T17:35:25Z The Impact of Estrogens and Their Receptors on Immunity and Inflammation during Infection Harding, Alfred T. Heaton, Nicholas S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science Sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, are steroid compounds with well-characterized effects on the coordination and development of vertebrate reproductive systems. Since their discovery, however, it has become clear that these “sex hormones” also regulate/influence a broad range of biological functions. In this review, we will summarize some current findings on how estrogens interact with and regulate inflammation and immunity. Specifically, we will focus on describing the mechanisms by which estrogens alter immune pathway activation, the impact of these changes during infection and the development of long-term immunity, and how different types of estrogens and their respective concentrations mediate these outcomes. 2022-02-24T19:55:47Z 2022-02-24T19:55:47Z 2022-02-12 2022-02-24T14:49:58Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/140710 Cancers 14 (4): 909 (2022) PUBLISHER_CC http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14040909 Creative Commons Attribution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| spellingShingle | Harding, Alfred T. Heaton, Nicholas S. The Impact of Estrogens and Their Receptors on Immunity and Inflammation during Infection |
| title | The Impact of Estrogens and Their Receptors on Immunity and Inflammation during Infection |
| title_full | The Impact of Estrogens and Their Receptors on Immunity and Inflammation during Infection |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Estrogens and Their Receptors on Immunity and Inflammation during Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Estrogens and Their Receptors on Immunity and Inflammation during Infection |
| title_short | The Impact of Estrogens and Their Receptors on Immunity and Inflammation during Infection |
| title_sort | impact of estrogens and their receptors on immunity and inflammation during infection |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/140710 |
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