Time-resolved velocity and ion sound speed measurements from simultaneous bow shock imaging and inductive probe measurements
<jats:p> We present a technique to measure the time-resolved velocity and ion sound speed in magnetized, supersonic high-energy-density plasmas. We place an inductive (“b-dot”) probe in a supersonic pulsed-power-driven plasma flow and measure the magnetic field advected by the plasma. As the m...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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AIP Publishing
2023
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/146969 |
| _version_ | 1826201019495743488 |
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| author | Datta, R Russell, DR Tang, I Clayson, T Suttle, LG Chittenden, JP Lebedev, SV Hare, JD |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center Datta, R Russell, DR Tang, I Clayson, T Suttle, LG Chittenden, JP Lebedev, SV Hare, JD |
| author_sort | Datta, R |
| collection | MIT |
| description | <jats:p> We present a technique to measure the time-resolved velocity and ion sound speed in magnetized, supersonic high-energy-density plasmas. We place an inductive (“b-dot”) probe in a supersonic pulsed-power-driven plasma flow and measure the magnetic field advected by the plasma. As the magnetic Reynolds number is large ( R<jats:sub> M</jats:sub> > 10), the plasma flow advects a magnetic field proportional to the current at the load. This enables us to estimate the flow velocity as a function of time from the delay between the current at the load and the signal at the probe. The supersonic flow also generates a hydrodynamic bow shock around the probe, the structure of which depends on the upstream sonic Mach number. By imaging the shock around the probe with a Mach–Zehnder interferometer, we determine the upstream Mach number from the shock Mach angle, which we then use to determine the ion sound speed from the known upstream velocity. We use the sound speed to infer the value of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the average ionization and T<jats:sub> e</jats:sub> is the electron temperature. We use this diagnostic to measure the time-resolved velocity and sound speed of a supersonic ( M<jats:sub> S</jats:sub> ∼ 8), super-Alfvénic ( M<jats:sub> A</jats:sub> ∼ 2) aluminum plasma generated during the ablation stage of an exploding wire array on the Magpie generator (1.4 MA, 250 ns). The velocity and [Formula: see text] measurements agree well with the optical Thompson scattering measurements reported in the literature and with 3D resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations in GORGON. </jats:p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T11:45:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/146969 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T11:45:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | AIP Publishing |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1469692023-01-05T03:28:26Z Time-resolved velocity and ion sound speed measurements from simultaneous bow shock imaging and inductive probe measurements Datta, R Russell, DR Tang, I Clayson, T Suttle, LG Chittenden, JP Lebedev, SV Hare, JD Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center <jats:p> We present a technique to measure the time-resolved velocity and ion sound speed in magnetized, supersonic high-energy-density plasmas. We place an inductive (“b-dot”) probe in a supersonic pulsed-power-driven plasma flow and measure the magnetic field advected by the plasma. As the magnetic Reynolds number is large ( R<jats:sub> M</jats:sub> > 10), the plasma flow advects a magnetic field proportional to the current at the load. This enables us to estimate the flow velocity as a function of time from the delay between the current at the load and the signal at the probe. The supersonic flow also generates a hydrodynamic bow shock around the probe, the structure of which depends on the upstream sonic Mach number. By imaging the shock around the probe with a Mach–Zehnder interferometer, we determine the upstream Mach number from the shock Mach angle, which we then use to determine the ion sound speed from the known upstream velocity. We use the sound speed to infer the value of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the average ionization and T<jats:sub> e</jats:sub> is the electron temperature. We use this diagnostic to measure the time-resolved velocity and sound speed of a supersonic ( M<jats:sub> S</jats:sub> ∼ 8), super-Alfvénic ( M<jats:sub> A</jats:sub> ∼ 2) aluminum plasma generated during the ablation stage of an exploding wire array on the Magpie generator (1.4 MA, 250 ns). The velocity and [Formula: see text] measurements agree well with the optical Thompson scattering measurements reported in the literature and with 3D resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations in GORGON. </jats:p> 2023-01-04T18:12:34Z 2023-01-04T18:12:34Z 2022-10-01 2023-01-04T17:37:58Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/146969 Datta, R, Russell, DR, Tang, I, Clayson, T, Suttle, LG et al. 2022. "Time-resolved velocity and ion sound speed measurements from simultaneous bow shock imaging and inductive probe measurements." Review of Scientific Instruments, 93 (10). en 10.1063/5.0098823 Review of Scientific Instruments Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf AIP Publishing American Institute of Physics (AIP) |
| spellingShingle | Datta, R Russell, DR Tang, I Clayson, T Suttle, LG Chittenden, JP Lebedev, SV Hare, JD Time-resolved velocity and ion sound speed measurements from simultaneous bow shock imaging and inductive probe measurements |
| title | Time-resolved velocity and ion sound speed measurements from simultaneous bow shock imaging and inductive probe measurements |
| title_full | Time-resolved velocity and ion sound speed measurements from simultaneous bow shock imaging and inductive probe measurements |
| title_fullStr | Time-resolved velocity and ion sound speed measurements from simultaneous bow shock imaging and inductive probe measurements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Time-resolved velocity and ion sound speed measurements from simultaneous bow shock imaging and inductive probe measurements |
| title_short | Time-resolved velocity and ion sound speed measurements from simultaneous bow shock imaging and inductive probe measurements |
| title_sort | time resolved velocity and ion sound speed measurements from simultaneous bow shock imaging and inductive probe measurements |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/146969 |
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