Mechanisms of Tidal Dispersion in a Salt Marsh Estuary
Dispersion in estuaries sets the length of salinity intrusion and the horizontal mixing rate of waterborne constituents, including larvae, nutrients, sediments, and contaminants. While bulk calculations of dispersion are readily estimated using traditional field measurements, the mechanisms contribu...
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| Format: | Thesis |
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2023
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/147458 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1536-1429 |
| _version_ | 1811075665112334336 |
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| author | Garcia, Adrian Mikhail Palaci |
| author2 | Geyer, W. Rockwell |
| author_facet | Geyer, W. Rockwell Garcia, Adrian Mikhail Palaci |
| author_sort | Garcia, Adrian Mikhail Palaci |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Dispersion in estuaries sets the length of salinity intrusion and the horizontal mixing rate of waterborne constituents, including larvae, nutrients, sediments, and contaminants. While bulk calculations of dispersion are readily estimated using traditional field measurements, the mechanisms contributing to the total dispersion are difficult to identify because they require high temporal and spatial resolution to measure. Recent advances in field techniques and numerical modeling have enabled the isolated study of various mechanisms contributing to dispersion, many of which vary on tidal time-scales and over small spatial scales. The objective of this thesis is to use a combination of high-resolution field measurements and numerical modeling to determine the mechanisms of dispersion that maintain the salt balance in the North River (Marshfield, MA), a tidally-dominated salt marsh estuary with complex topography. First, a field campaign was conducted to determine the dispersion associated with the out-of-phase exchange between tributary creeks and the main channel. Then, numerical simulations of an idealized estuary were conducted and a novel quasi-Lagrangian approach was applied to analyze the sources of dispersive salt fluxes throughout the estuary. A second field campaign was conducted to evaluate the spatial variability of shear dispersion, particularly near regions of abrupt topographic variations.
The key result from this thesis is obtained through the first application of the theoretical moving plane framework of Dronkers & van de Kreeke (1986), which confirms quantitatively that all landward salt flux at a fixed location must result from spatial correlations in velocity and salinity within a tidal excursion of the fixed location. Based on this result, the sources of the landward salt flux can be directly identified based on the spatial and tidal variations of shear dispersion, which can vary strongly due to its dependence on the local tidal currents, along-channel salinity gradient, and bathymetry. This thesis identifies and quantifies various mechanisms of topographically-induced tidal dispersion and thus highlights the dominant role of topography in controlling the processes that contribute to mixing and transport in short, tidally-energetic estuaries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:10:01Z |
| format | Thesis |
| id | mit-1721.1/147458 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:10:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1474582023-01-20T03:49:01Z Mechanisms of Tidal Dispersion in a Salt Marsh Estuary Garcia, Adrian Mikhail Palaci Geyer, W. Rockwell Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Dispersion in estuaries sets the length of salinity intrusion and the horizontal mixing rate of waterborne constituents, including larvae, nutrients, sediments, and contaminants. While bulk calculations of dispersion are readily estimated using traditional field measurements, the mechanisms contributing to the total dispersion are difficult to identify because they require high temporal and spatial resolution to measure. Recent advances in field techniques and numerical modeling have enabled the isolated study of various mechanisms contributing to dispersion, many of which vary on tidal time-scales and over small spatial scales. The objective of this thesis is to use a combination of high-resolution field measurements and numerical modeling to determine the mechanisms of dispersion that maintain the salt balance in the North River (Marshfield, MA), a tidally-dominated salt marsh estuary with complex topography. First, a field campaign was conducted to determine the dispersion associated with the out-of-phase exchange between tributary creeks and the main channel. Then, numerical simulations of an idealized estuary were conducted and a novel quasi-Lagrangian approach was applied to analyze the sources of dispersive salt fluxes throughout the estuary. A second field campaign was conducted to evaluate the spatial variability of shear dispersion, particularly near regions of abrupt topographic variations. The key result from this thesis is obtained through the first application of the theoretical moving plane framework of Dronkers & van de Kreeke (1986), which confirms quantitatively that all landward salt flux at a fixed location must result from spatial correlations in velocity and salinity within a tidal excursion of the fixed location. Based on this result, the sources of the landward salt flux can be directly identified based on the spatial and tidal variations of shear dispersion, which can vary strongly due to its dependence on the local tidal currents, along-channel salinity gradient, and bathymetry. This thesis identifies and quantifies various mechanisms of topographically-induced tidal dispersion and thus highlights the dominant role of topography in controlling the processes that contribute to mixing and transport in short, tidally-energetic estuaries. Ph.D. 2023-01-19T19:51:53Z 2023-01-19T19:51:53Z 2022-09 2022-10-28T19:02:18.561Z Thesis https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/147458 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1536-1429 In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted Copyright retained by author(s) https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/ application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| spellingShingle | Garcia, Adrian Mikhail Palaci Mechanisms of Tidal Dispersion in a Salt Marsh Estuary |
| title | Mechanisms of Tidal Dispersion in a Salt Marsh Estuary |
| title_full | Mechanisms of Tidal Dispersion in a Salt Marsh Estuary |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms of Tidal Dispersion in a Salt Marsh Estuary |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of Tidal Dispersion in a Salt Marsh Estuary |
| title_short | Mechanisms of Tidal Dispersion in a Salt Marsh Estuary |
| title_sort | mechanisms of tidal dispersion in a salt marsh estuary |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/147458 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1536-1429 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT garciaadrianmikhailpalaci mechanismsoftidaldispersioninasaltmarshestuary |