A Study of Flares in the Ultra-Cool Regime from SPECULOOS-South
<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p>We present a study of photometric flares on 154 low-mass (≤0.2 M⊙) objects observed by the SPECULOOS-South Observatory from 2018 June 1 to 2020 March 23. In this sample, we identify 85 flaring objects, ranging in spectral ty...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford University Press (OUP)
2023
|
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/148059 |
| _version_ | 1811077863643807744 |
|---|---|
| author | Murray, CA Queloz, D Gillon, M Demory, BO Triaud, AHMJ de Wit, J Burdanov, A Chinchilla, P Delrez, L Dransfield, G Ducrot, E Garcia, LJ Chew, Y Gómez Maqueo Günther, MN Jehin, E McCormac, J Niraula, P Pedersen, PP Pozuelos, FJ Rackham, BV Schanche, N Sebastian, D Thompson, SJ Timmermans, M Wells, R |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Murray, CA Queloz, D Gillon, M Demory, BO Triaud, AHMJ de Wit, J Burdanov, A Chinchilla, P Delrez, L Dransfield, G Ducrot, E Garcia, LJ Chew, Y Gómez Maqueo Günther, MN Jehin, E McCormac, J Niraula, P Pedersen, PP Pozuelos, FJ Rackham, BV Schanche, N Sebastian, D Thompson, SJ Timmermans, M Wells, R |
| author_sort | Murray, CA |
| collection | MIT |
| description | <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>
<jats:p>We present a study of photometric flares on 154 low-mass (≤0.2 M⊙) objects observed by the SPECULOOS-South Observatory from 2018 June 1 to 2020 March 23. In this sample, we identify 85 flaring objects, ranging in spectral type from M4 to L0. We detect 234 flares in this sample, with energies between 1029.2 and 1032.7 erg, using both automated and manual methods. With this work, we present the largest photometric sample of flares on late-M and ultra-cool dwarfs to date. By extending previous M dwarf flare studies into the ultra-cool regime, we find M5–M7 stars are more likely to flare than both earlier, and later, M dwarfs. By performing artificial flare injection-recovery tests, we demonstrate that we can detect a significant proportion of flares down to an amplitude of 1 per cent, and we are most sensitive to flares on the coolest stars. Our results reveal an absence of high-energy flares on the reddest dwarfs. To probe the relations between rotation and activity for fully convective stars, we extract rotation periods for fast rotators and lower-bound period estimates of slow rotators. These rotation periods span from 2.2 h to 65 d, and we find that the proportion of flaring stars increases for the most fastest rotators. Finally, we discuss the impact of our flare sample on planets orbiting ultra-cool stars. As stars become cooler, they flare less frequently; therefore, it is unlikely that planets around the most reddest dwarfs would enter the ‘abiogenesis’ zone or drive visible-light photosynthesis through flares alone.</jats:p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:49:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/148059 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:49:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press (OUP) |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1480592023-02-15T03:34:56Z A Study of Flares in the Ultra-Cool Regime from SPECULOOS-South Murray, CA Queloz, D Gillon, M Demory, BO Triaud, AHMJ de Wit, J Burdanov, A Chinchilla, P Delrez, L Dransfield, G Ducrot, E Garcia, LJ Chew, Y Gómez Maqueo Günther, MN Jehin, E McCormac, J Niraula, P Pedersen, PP Pozuelos, FJ Rackham, BV Schanche, N Sebastian, D Thompson, SJ Timmermans, M Wells, R Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p>We present a study of photometric flares on 154 low-mass (≤0.2 M⊙) objects observed by the SPECULOOS-South Observatory from 2018 June 1 to 2020 March 23. In this sample, we identify 85 flaring objects, ranging in spectral type from M4 to L0. We detect 234 flares in this sample, with energies between 1029.2 and 1032.7 erg, using both automated and manual methods. With this work, we present the largest photometric sample of flares on late-M and ultra-cool dwarfs to date. By extending previous M dwarf flare studies into the ultra-cool regime, we find M5–M7 stars are more likely to flare than both earlier, and later, M dwarfs. By performing artificial flare injection-recovery tests, we demonstrate that we can detect a significant proportion of flares down to an amplitude of 1 per cent, and we are most sensitive to flares on the coolest stars. Our results reveal an absence of high-energy flares on the reddest dwarfs. To probe the relations between rotation and activity for fully convective stars, we extract rotation periods for fast rotators and lower-bound period estimates of slow rotators. These rotation periods span from 2.2 h to 65 d, and we find that the proportion of flaring stars increases for the most fastest rotators. Finally, we discuss the impact of our flare sample on planets orbiting ultra-cool stars. As stars become cooler, they flare less frequently; therefore, it is unlikely that planets around the most reddest dwarfs would enter the ‘abiogenesis’ zone or drive visible-light photosynthesis through flares alone.</jats:p> 2023-02-14T18:51:38Z 2023-02-14T18:51:38Z 2022 2023-02-14T18:44:20Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/148059 Murray, CA, Queloz, D, Gillon, M, Demory, BO, Triaud, AHMJ et al. 2022. "A Study of Flares in the Ultra-Cool Regime from SPECULOOS-South." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 513 (2). en 10.1093/MNRAS/STAC1078 Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf Oxford University Press (OUP) arXiv |
| spellingShingle | Murray, CA Queloz, D Gillon, M Demory, BO Triaud, AHMJ de Wit, J Burdanov, A Chinchilla, P Delrez, L Dransfield, G Ducrot, E Garcia, LJ Chew, Y Gómez Maqueo Günther, MN Jehin, E McCormac, J Niraula, P Pedersen, PP Pozuelos, FJ Rackham, BV Schanche, N Sebastian, D Thompson, SJ Timmermans, M Wells, R A Study of Flares in the Ultra-Cool Regime from SPECULOOS-South |
| title | A Study of Flares in the Ultra-Cool Regime from SPECULOOS-South |
| title_full | A Study of Flares in the Ultra-Cool Regime from SPECULOOS-South |
| title_fullStr | A Study of Flares in the Ultra-Cool Regime from SPECULOOS-South |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Study of Flares in the Ultra-Cool Regime from SPECULOOS-South |
| title_short | A Study of Flares in the Ultra-Cool Regime from SPECULOOS-South |
| title_sort | study of flares in the ultra cool regime from speculoos south |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/148059 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT murrayca astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT quelozd astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT gillonm astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT demorybo astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT triaudahmj astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT dewitj astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT burdanova astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT chinchillap astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT delrezl astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT dransfieldg astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT ducrote astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT garcialj astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT chewygomezmaqueo astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT gunthermn astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT jehine astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT mccormacj astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT niraulap astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT pedersenpp astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT pozuelosfj astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT rackhambv astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT schanchen astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT sebastiand astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT thompsonsj astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT timmermansm astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT wellsr astudyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT murrayca studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT quelozd studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT gillonm studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT demorybo studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT triaudahmj studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT dewitj studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT burdanova studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT chinchillap studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT delrezl studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT dransfieldg studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT ducrote studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT garcialj studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT chewygomezmaqueo studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT gunthermn studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT jehine studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT mccormacj studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT niraulap studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT pedersenpp studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT pozuelosfj studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT rackhambv studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT schanchen studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT sebastiand studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT thompsonsj studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT timmermansm studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth AT wellsr studyofflaresintheultracoolregimefromspeculoossouth |