On the Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Response to ENSO and Its Impacts on Tropospheric Circulation
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>As the leading mode of Pacific variability, El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) causes vast and widespread climatic impacts, including in the stratosphere. Following discovery of a stratospheric pathway of ENSO to the Northern Hemisphere s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Meteorological Society
2023
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/148247 |
| _version_ | 1811094757132206080 |
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| author | Stone, Kane A Solomon, Susan Thompson, David WJ Kinnison, Douglas E Fyfe, John C |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Stone, Kane A Solomon, Susan Thompson, David WJ Kinnison, Douglas E Fyfe, John C |
| author_sort | Stone, Kane A |
| collection | MIT |
| description | <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
<jats:p>As the leading mode of Pacific variability, El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) causes vast and widespread climatic impacts, including in the stratosphere. Following discovery of a stratospheric pathway of ENSO to the Northern Hemisphere surface, here we aim to investigate if there is a substantial Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratospheric pathway in relation to austral winter ENSO events. Large stratospheric anomalies connected to ENSO occur on average at high SH latitudes as early as August, peaking at around 10 hPa. An overall colder austral spring Antarctic stratosphere is generally associated with the warm phase of the ENSO cycle, and vice versa. This behavior is robust among reanalysis and six separate model ensembles encompassing two different model frameworks. A stratospheric pathway is identified by separating ENSO events that exhibit a stratospheric anomaly from those that do not and comparing to stratospheric extremes that occur during neutral ENSO years. The tropospheric eddy-driven jet response to the stratospheric ENSO pathway is the most robust in the spring following a La Niña, but extends into summer, and is more zonally symmetric compared to the tropospheric ENSO teleconnection. The magnitude of the stratospheric pathway is weaker compared to the tropospheric pathway and therefore, when it is present, has a secondary role. For context, the magnitude is approximately half that of the eddy-driven jet modulation due to austral spring ozone depletion in the model simulations. This work establishes that the stratospheric circulation acts as an intermediary in coupling ENSO variability to variations in the austral spring and summer tropospheric circulation.</jats:p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:04:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/148247 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:04:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | American Meteorological Society |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1482472023-03-01T03:03:59Z On the Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Response to ENSO and Its Impacts on Tropospheric Circulation Stone, Kane A Solomon, Susan Thompson, David WJ Kinnison, Douglas E Fyfe, John C Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>As the leading mode of Pacific variability, El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) causes vast and widespread climatic impacts, including in the stratosphere. Following discovery of a stratospheric pathway of ENSO to the Northern Hemisphere surface, here we aim to investigate if there is a substantial Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratospheric pathway in relation to austral winter ENSO events. Large stratospheric anomalies connected to ENSO occur on average at high SH latitudes as early as August, peaking at around 10 hPa. An overall colder austral spring Antarctic stratosphere is generally associated with the warm phase of the ENSO cycle, and vice versa. This behavior is robust among reanalysis and six separate model ensembles encompassing two different model frameworks. A stratospheric pathway is identified by separating ENSO events that exhibit a stratospheric anomaly from those that do not and comparing to stratospheric extremes that occur during neutral ENSO years. The tropospheric eddy-driven jet response to the stratospheric ENSO pathway is the most robust in the spring following a La Niña, but extends into summer, and is more zonally symmetric compared to the tropospheric ENSO teleconnection. The magnitude of the stratospheric pathway is weaker compared to the tropospheric pathway and therefore, when it is present, has a secondary role. For context, the magnitude is approximately half that of the eddy-driven jet modulation due to austral spring ozone depletion in the model simulations. This work establishes that the stratospheric circulation acts as an intermediary in coupling ENSO variability to variations in the austral spring and summer tropospheric circulation.</jats:p> 2023-02-28T18:00:20Z 2023-02-28T18:00:20Z 2022 2023-02-28T17:50:58Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/148247 Stone, Kane A, Solomon, Susan, Thompson, David WJ, Kinnison, Douglas E and Fyfe, John C. 2022. "On the Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Response to ENSO and Its Impacts on Tropospheric Circulation." Journal of Climate, 35 (6). en 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0250.1 Journal of Climate Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf American Meteorological Society American Meteorological Society (AMS) |
| spellingShingle | Stone, Kane A Solomon, Susan Thompson, David WJ Kinnison, Douglas E Fyfe, John C On the Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Response to ENSO and Its Impacts on Tropospheric Circulation |
| title | On the Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Response to ENSO and Its Impacts on Tropospheric Circulation |
| title_full | On the Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Response to ENSO and Its Impacts on Tropospheric Circulation |
| title_fullStr | On the Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Response to ENSO and Its Impacts on Tropospheric Circulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Response to ENSO and Its Impacts on Tropospheric Circulation |
| title_short | On the Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Response to ENSO and Its Impacts on Tropospheric Circulation |
| title_sort | on the southern hemisphere stratospheric response to enso and its impacts on tropospheric circulation |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/148247 |
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