7.344 The Fountain of Life: From Dolly to Customized Embryonic Stem Cells, Fall 2007
During development, the genetic content of each cell remains, with a few exceptions, identical to that of the zygote. Most differentiated cells therefore retain all of the genetic information necessary to generate an entire organism. It was through pioneering technology of somatic cell nuclear trans...
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| Format: | Learning Object |
| Language: | en-US |
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2023
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/148327 |
| _version_ | 1826198506778394624 |
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| author | Meissner, Alexander |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology Meissner, Alexander |
| author_sort | Meissner, Alexander |
| collection | MIT |
| description | During development, the genetic content of each cell remains, with a few exceptions, identical to that of the zygote. Most differentiated cells therefore retain all of the genetic information necessary to generate an entire organism. It was through pioneering technology of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) that this concept was experimentally proven. Only 10 years ago the sheep Dolly was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult organism, demonstrating that the differentiated state of a mammalian cell can be fully reversible to a pluripotent embryonic state. A key conclusion from these experiments was that the difference between pluripotent cells such as embryonic stem (ES) cells and unipotent differentiated cells is solely a consequence of reversible changes. These changes, which have proved to involve reversible alterations to both DNA and to proteins that bind DNA, are known as epigenetic, to distinguish them from genetic alterations to DNA sequence. In this course we will explore such epigenetic changes and study different approaches that can return a differentiated cell to an embryonic state in a process referred to as epigenetic reprogramming, which will ultimately allow generation of patient-specific stem cells and application to regenerative therapy. This course is one of many Advanced Undergraduate Seminars offered by the Biology Department at MIT. These seminars are tailored for students with an interest in using primary research literature to discuss and learn about current biological research in a highly interactive setting. Many instructors of the Advanced Undergraduate Seminars are postdoctoral scientists with a strong interest in teaching. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T11:06:02Z |
| format | Learning Object |
| id | mit-1721.1/148327 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en-US |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-10T09:23:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
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| spelling | mit-1721.1/1483272025-02-26T21:25:35Z 7.344 The Fountain of Life: From Dolly to Customized Embryonic Stem Cells, Fall 2007 The Fountain of Life: From Dolly to Customized Embryonic Stem Cells Meissner, Alexander Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology embryonic stem cells stem cells cells genetics genome Dolly clone regenerative therapy somatic SCNT pluripotent scientific literature nuclear embryonic adult epigenetics methylation DNA histone biomedical differentiation epigenome nuclear transfer customized zygote DNA RNA cancer medicine 260102 Biomedical Sciences, General 260801 Genetics, General During development, the genetic content of each cell remains, with a few exceptions, identical to that of the zygote. Most differentiated cells therefore retain all of the genetic information necessary to generate an entire organism. It was through pioneering technology of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) that this concept was experimentally proven. Only 10 years ago the sheep Dolly was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult organism, demonstrating that the differentiated state of a mammalian cell can be fully reversible to a pluripotent embryonic state. A key conclusion from these experiments was that the difference between pluripotent cells such as embryonic stem (ES) cells and unipotent differentiated cells is solely a consequence of reversible changes. These changes, which have proved to involve reversible alterations to both DNA and to proteins that bind DNA, are known as epigenetic, to distinguish them from genetic alterations to DNA sequence. In this course we will explore such epigenetic changes and study different approaches that can return a differentiated cell to an embryonic state in a process referred to as epigenetic reprogramming, which will ultimately allow generation of patient-specific stem cells and application to regenerative therapy. This course is one of many Advanced Undergraduate Seminars offered by the Biology Department at MIT. These seminars are tailored for students with an interest in using primary research literature to discuss and learn about current biological research in a highly interactive setting. Many instructors of the Advanced Undergraduate Seminars are postdoctoral scientists with a strong interest in teaching. 2023-03-06T16:52:34Z 2023-03-06T16:52:34Z 2007-12 2023-03-06T16:52:41Z Learning Object 7.344-Fall2007 7.344 IMSCP-MD5-892c2496be2cdb92a437c9ea1f1bd001 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/148327 en-US This site (c) Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2023. Content within individual courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is providing this Work (as defined below) under the terms of this Creative Commons public license ("CCPL" or "license") unless otherwise noted. The Work is protected by copyright and/or other applicable law. Any use of the work other than as authorized under this license is prohibited. By exercising any of the rights to the Work provided here, You (as defined below) accept and agree to be bound by the terms of this license. The Licensor, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, grants You the rights contained here in consideration of Your acceptance of such terms and conditions. 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| spellingShingle | embryonic stem cells stem cells cells genetics genome Dolly clone regenerative therapy somatic SCNT pluripotent scientific literature nuclear embryonic adult epigenetics methylation DNA histone biomedical differentiation epigenome nuclear transfer customized zygote DNA RNA cancer medicine 260102 Biomedical Sciences, General 260801 Genetics, General Meissner, Alexander 7.344 The Fountain of Life: From Dolly to Customized Embryonic Stem Cells, Fall 2007 |
| title | 7.344 The Fountain of Life: From Dolly to Customized Embryonic Stem Cells, Fall 2007 |
| title_full | 7.344 The Fountain of Life: From Dolly to Customized Embryonic Stem Cells, Fall 2007 |
| title_fullStr | 7.344 The Fountain of Life: From Dolly to Customized Embryonic Stem Cells, Fall 2007 |
| title_full_unstemmed | 7.344 The Fountain of Life: From Dolly to Customized Embryonic Stem Cells, Fall 2007 |
| title_short | 7.344 The Fountain of Life: From Dolly to Customized Embryonic Stem Cells, Fall 2007 |
| title_sort | 7 344 the fountain of life from dolly to customized embryonic stem cells fall 2007 |
| topic | embryonic stem cells stem cells cells genetics genome Dolly clone regenerative therapy somatic SCNT pluripotent scientific literature nuclear embryonic adult epigenetics methylation DNA histone biomedical differentiation epigenome nuclear transfer customized zygote DNA RNA cancer medicine 260102 Biomedical Sciences, General 260801 Genetics, General |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/148327 |
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